Urban Models and the Bid Rent Theory in AP Human Geography

Introduction to Urban Models

• Review of seven different urban models essential for AP Human Geography.
• Importance of understanding the Bid Rent Theory for comprehending urban models.

Bid Rent Theory

• Concept: Land cost decreases as distance from the Central Business District (CBD) increases.
• Impact:
  • Spatial layout of settlements.
  • Land and building usage.
• Proximity to CBD:
  • Closer: More densely built, vertical expansion (skyscrapers).
  • Farther: More horizontal space, residences with yards.
• Density and Land Cost:
  • High density: Less available land, higher rent.
  • Low density: Cheaper land, more space for residential zones.
• Application:
  • Skyscrapers near CBD.
  • Manufacturing and warehouses just outside CBD.
  • Residential zones farther from CBD.

Urban Geography Models

1. Burgess Concentric Model

• Based on 1920s Chicago.
• Structure:
  • CBD at the center.
  • Zone of Transition: Lower income residents, industries.
  • Working-class homes.
  • Better residence zone: Newer, single-family homes.
  • Commuter zone: Residents commuting for work.
• Modern Relevance: Parts outdated due to globalization, urban renewal, and gentrification.

2. Hoyt Sector Model

• Focus on transportation.
• Structure:
  • Sectors/wedges around CBD.
  • Businesses and industries along transportation routes.
• Modern Relevance: Outdated due to changes in transportation systems and suburban developments.

3. Harris-Ullman Multiple Nuclei Model

• Created in 1945.
• Concept: Multiple CBDs/nuclei.
• Structure:
  • Activities/services gravitate towards specific nodes.
  • Industrial jobs cluster together.

4. Galactic Model (Peripheral Model)

• Developed in the 1960s.
• Concept: Post-industrial, service-based economy.
• Structure:
  • Edge cities on Beltways.
  • Example: Atlanta resembles this model.

5. Latin American City Model

• Influences of European colonization.
• Structure:
  • Central Plaza with government/religious buildings.
  • CBD with a spine for wealthier residents.
  • Disamenity zones with informal settlements.

6. Sub-Saharan African City Model

• Structure:
  • Colonial, traditional, and informal CBDs.
  • Ethnic neighborhoods.
  • Shanty towns on outskirts.

7. Southeast Asian City Model

• Unique Features:
  • Port-based city layout.
  • Influence of colonial trade – alien commercial zones.
  • Mixed residential areas with Suburban and squatter settlements.

Conclusion

• Comprehensive overview of different city models globally.
• Encouragement to practice and check understanding of the material.
• Additional learning resources available for further study.