đź“š

Comprehensive AP Art History Study Guide

May 14, 2025

AP Art History Course Study Guide

Unit One: Prehistoric Arts

1. Apollo 11 Stone

  • Location & Time: Namibia, 25000 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Charcoal on stone
  • Context:
    • Found in Hun's mountains, Namibia with 7 tablets
    • Named during Apollo 11 moon landings
  • Content:
    • Animal-like figures with human legs
    • Thought to be a Therianthrope
  • Form: Charcoal on cave stone
  • Function: Unknown, small and portable

2. Great Hall of the Bulls

  • Location & Time: Lascaux, France, 15000-13000 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Rock painting
  • Context:
    • Stone Age, Dordogne, France
    • Closed in 1963, replica built
  • Content:
    • Bulls, horses, cattle, deer
    • Human vs. animals
  • Form: Charcoal and ochre, hierarchical scale
  • Function: Survival importance, rituals, storytelling

3. Camelid Sacrum in the Shape of a Canine

  • Location & Time: Tequixquiac, central Mexico, 14000-7000 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Bone
  • Context: Prehistoric, private ownership, spiritual significance
  • Content: Head of Canine from sacrum bone
  • Function: Unknown, choice of canine figure reflects everyday life

4. Running Horned Woman

  • Location & Time: Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria, 6000-4000 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Pigment on rock
  • Context: Unique topography, hunter-gatherer society
  • Content: Horned woman running, body paint
  • Function: Survival importance, human-animal relationship

5. Beaker with Ibex Motifs

  • Location & Time: Susa, Iran, 4200-3500 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Painted terra cotta
  • Content:
    • Central ibex, greyhound-like animals
    • Geometric shapes
  • Function: Funerary practices

6. Anthropomorphic Steele

  • Location & Time: Arabian Peninsula, 4th millennium B.C.E.
  • Materials: Sandstone
  • Context: Pre-Islamic Northern Saudi Arabia
  • Content: Human figure, trapezoid head
  • Function: Marker, highlights human figure importance

7. Jade Cong

  • Location & Time: Liangzhu, China, 3300-2200 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Carved Jade
  • Content:
    • Square hollow tube, ancestor representation
    • Lines and circles: animals, humans, monsters
  • Function: Show power, wealth, afterlife protection

8. Stonehenge

  • Location & Time: Wiltshire, UK, 2500-1600 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Sandstone
  • Context:
    • Salisbury Plain, England
    • Communal effort, sophisticated planning
  • Content: Concentric stone circles
  • Function: Burial site, solstice marker

9. The Ambum Stone

  • Location & Time: Papua New Guinea, 1500 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Greywacke
  • Context: Neolithic, durable sculpture
  • Content: Echidna depiction, freestanding
  • Function: Unknown, possibly religious

10. Tlatilco Female Figurine

  • Location & Time: Central Mexico, 1200-900 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Ceramic
  • Context: Found with many others, possibly from graves
  • Content: Female form, elaborate hair, dual faces
  • Function: Burial process

11. Terra Cotta Fragments

  • Location & Time: Lapita, Solomon Islands, 1000 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Incised terra cotta
  • Content: Anthropomorphic figure, geometric designs
  • Function: Food storage, ritualistic/religious usage

Unit 2: Ancient Mediterranean

12. White Temple and its Ziggurat

  • Location & Time: Uruk, 3500-3000 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Mud Brick
  • Context: Located in Iraq
  • Content:
    • 40 feet tall, tripartite plan
    • White temple, chambers, altar
  • Function: Government and religious purpose

13. Palette of King Narmer

  • Location & Time: Predynastic Egypt, 3000-2920 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Greywacke
  • Context: Found in Horus temple, unification of Egypt
  • Content: King Narmer, goddess Bat, enemies
  • Function: Grinding makeup, ceremonial

14. Statues of Votive Figures

  • Location & Time: Sumerians, 2900-2600 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Gypsum, shell, black limestone
  • Context: Mesopotamia religion, votive offerings
  • Content: Male and female donors, large eyes
  • Function: Stand-in worshipper

15. Seated Scribe

  • Location & Time: Old Kingdom, Egypt, 2620-2500 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Painted limestone
  • Context: Scribes were literate, depicted at work
  • Content: Scribe with papyrus, tranquil face
  • Function: Funerals, respect for scribe

16. Standard of Ur

  • Location & Time: Sumerian, 2600-2400 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Wood, shell, lapis lazuli
  • Context: South Iraq, found in royal tombs
  • Content: War and peace sides, hierarchical scale
  • Function: Unknown, possibly commemoration or music box

17. Great Pyramids of Giza

  • Location & Time: Giza, Egypt, 2550-2490 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Cut limestone
  • Context: Tallest structures, burial sites
  • Content: Three major pyramids, sphinx
  • Function: Royal mortuary complex

18. King Menkaura and Queen

  • Location & Time: Old Kingdom, Egypt, 2490-2472 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Greywacke
  • Context: Depicts King Menkaura and his wife
  • Content: Traditional attire, stepping forward
  • Function: Memorial, afterlife assurance

19. The Code of Stele of Hammurabi

  • Location & Time: Babylon, 1792-1750 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Basalt
  • Context: Babylonian kingdom, King Hammurabi
  • Content: Laws in cuneiform, god Shamash
  • Function: Display laws and punishments

20. Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall

  • Location & Time: Karnak, Egypt, 1550 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Sandstone, mudbrick
  • Context: New Kingdom, restrictive areas
  • Content: Hypostyle hall, natural lighting
  • Function: Worship, honors Egyptian gods

21. Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut

  • Location & Time: Luxor, Egypt, 1473-1458 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Sandstone, rock cliff
  • Context: Woman pharaoh Hatshepsut
  • Content: Kneeling statue, relief carvings
  • Function: Funerary temple

22. Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and Three Daughters

  • Location & Time: New Kingdom, 1353-1335 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Limestone
  • Context: Monotheistic Aten worship
  • Content: Family scene, sun with ankhs
  • Function: House altar, iconography

23. Tutankhamun's Tomb, innermost coffin

  • Location & Time: New Kingdom, 1323 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Gold, enamel, stones
  • Context: Son of Akhenaten, elaborate burial
  • Content: Three coffins, death mask
  • Function: Protect pharaoh in afterlife

24. Last Judgment of Hu-Nefer

  • Location & Time: New Kingdom, 1275 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Painted papyrus
  • Context: Book of the Dead, burial with Hu-Nefer
  • Content: Judgment scene, Anubis, Osiris
  • Function: Prove ethical life for afterlife

25. Lamassu from the Citadel of Sargon II

  • Location & Time: Neo-Assyrian, 720-705 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Alabaster
  • Context: Mesopotamian war and protection
  • Content: Human-headed winged bull, five legs
  • Function: City guardian, symbol of power

26. Athenian Agora

  • Location & Time: Greek, 600 B.C.E.-150 C.E.
  • Materials: Plan
  • Context: Participation in government, meritocracy
  • Content: Stoa, temple to Athena
  • Function: Marketplace, government, religious site

27. Anavysos Kouros

  • Location & Time: Archaic Greek, 530 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Marble
  • Context: Grave marker, idealized youth
  • Content: Naked male, strong and lean
  • Function: Grave marker, god offering

28. Peplos Kore

  • Location & Time: Archaic Greek, 530 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Marble
  • Context: Unknown artist, goddess depiction
  • Content: Young maiden, peplos robe
  • Function: Honor goddess, temple placeholder

29. Sarcophagus of the Spouses

  • Location & Time: Etruscan, 520 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Terra cotta
  • Context: Etruscan tomb, societal roles
  • Content: Deceased couple, intimacy
  • Function: Grave marker

30. Audience Hall of Darius and Xerxes

  • Location & Time: Persian, 520-465 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Limestone
  • Content: Columns, animal capitals, figures
  • Function: Ceremonial hall, Persian power

31. Temple of Minerva and sculpture of Apollo

  • Location & Time: Etruscan, 510-500 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Wood, mudbrick, terra cotta
  • Context: Found in Ertuscan, Greek influence
  • Content: Temple foundations, terra cotta statues
  • Function: Dedication to Minerva, Etruscan values

32. Tomb of the Triclinium

  • Location & Time: Etruscan, 480-470 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Tufa, fresco
  • Context: Iron Age peak, funerary customs
  • Content: Chambers, frescoed walls, banquet scenes
  • Function: Funerary rituals, social status

33. Niobides Krater

  • Location & Time: Classical Greece, 460-45 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Clay, red-figure technique
  • Content: Niobe's children, mythological activity
  • Function: Vessel for mixing water and wine

34. Doryphoros (Spear Bearer)

  • Location & Time: Greek, 450-440 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Marble copy of bronze original
  • Content: Idealized human body, contrapposto
  • Function: Showcase beauty, proportions

35. Acropolis

  • Location & Time: Athens, Greece, 447-410 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Marble
  • Content: Multiple buildings, religious center
  • Function: Religious significance, center of worship

36. Grave Stele of Hegeso

  • Location & Time: Greek, 410 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Marble, paint
  • Context: Diphlon cemetery, female status
  • Content: Relief sculpture of Hegeso and servant
  • Function: Grave stone

37. Winged Victory of Samothrace

  • Location & Time: Hellenistic Greek, 190 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Marble
  • Content: Depicts Nike, naval victory
  • Function: Commemorate victory, deity offering

38. Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon

  • Location & Time: Hellenistic Greek, 175 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Marble
  • Content: Battle of gods vs. giants
  • Function: Worship, representation of power

39. House of the Vettii

  • Location & Time: Roman, 62-79 C.E.
  • Materials: Stone, fresco
  • Content: Wall paintings, decorative schemes
  • Function: Display wealth, artistic style

40. Alexander Mosaic

  • Location & Time: Roman, 100 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Mosaic
  • Content: Battle of Issus, Alexander vs. Darius
  • Function: Aristocratic art piece, enjoyment

41. Seated Boxer

  • Location & Time: Hellenistic Greek, 100 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Bronze
  • Content: Defeated boxer, humanity
  • Function: Votive statue, cultural representation

42. Head of a Roman Patrician

  • Location & Time: Roman, 75-50 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Marble
  • Content: Aging, serious expression
  • Function: Respect, symbolize wisdom

43. Augustus of Prima Porta

  • Location & Time: Roman, early 1st century C.E.
  • Materials: Marble
  • Content: Idealized, political significance
  • Function: Propaganda, military power

44. Colosseum

  • Location & Time: Rome, 70-80 C.E.
  • Materials: Stone, concrete
  • Content: Amphitheater, seating hierarchy
  • Function: Public entertainment

45. Forum of Trajan

  • Location & Time: Roman, 106-113 C.E.
  • Materials: Brick, marble
  • Content: Commemorate Trajan's victories
  • Function: Civic, ceremonial space

46. Pantheon

  • Location & Time: Roman, 118-125 C.E.
  • Materials: Concrete, stone
  • Content: Temple to gods, oculus
  • Function: Temple, sundial, court sessions

47. Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus

  • Location & Time: Roman, 250 C.E.
  • Materials: Marble
  • Content: Battle scene, Roman vs. Goths
  • Function: Grave marker

Unit 3: Early Europe & Colonial Americas

48. Catacomb of Priscila

  • Location & Time: Rome, 200-400 C.E.
  • Materials: Tufa, fresco
  • Content: 40,000 tombs, Bible scenes
  • Function: Burial location

49. Santa Sabina

  • Location & Time: Rome, 422-432 C.E.
  • Materials: Brick, stone, wood
  • Content: Ancient basilica architecture
  • Function: Christian worship, impress visitors

50. Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well

  • Location & Time: Byzantine, 6th century C.E.
  • Materials: Illuminated manuscript
  • Content: Symbolism, abstraction
  • Function: Royal use, depict Bible stories

51. San Vitale

  • Location & Time: Ravenna, 526-547 C.E.
  • Materials: Brick, marble
  • Content: Central plan, Christian iconography
  • Function: Worship, glorify Justinian

52. Hagia Sophia

  • Location & Time: Istanbul, 532-537 C.E.
  • Materials: Brick, ceramic
  • Content: Basilica, dome, minarets
  • Function: Cathedral, mosque, museum

53. Merovingian Looped Fibulae

  • Location & Time: Medieval Europe, 6th century C.E.
  • Materials: Silver gilt, garnets
  • Content: Brooches, eagle motifs
  • Function: Clothing fastener, status symbol

54. Virgin (Theotokos) and Child

  • Location & Time: Byzantine, 6th-7th century C.E.
  • Materials: Encaustic on wood
  • Content: Virgin, Christ, saints, angels
  • Function: Private devotion

55. Lindisfarne Gospels

  • Location & Time: Hiberno Saxon, 700 C.E.
  • Materials: Illuminated manuscript
  • Content: Evangelists, intricate designs
  • Function: Religious text, symbolism

56. Great Mosque

  • Location & Time: Cordoba, 785-786 C.E.
  • Materials: Stone
  • Content: Hypostyle hall, mosaics
  • Function: Islamic worship

57. Pyxis of al-Mughira

  • Location & Time: Umayyad, 968 C.E.
  • Materials: Ivory
  • Content: Medallions, iconography
  • Function: Gift, perfume holder

58. Church of Saint-Foy

  • Location & Time: France, 1050-1130 C.E.
  • Materials: Stone, tympanum
  • Content: Last Judgment, pilgrimage
  • Function: Pilgrimage site, religious inspiration

59. Bayeux Tapestry

  • Location & Time: Romanesque, 1066-1080 C.E.
  • Materials: Embroidery
  • Content: Battle of Hastings, narrative
  • Function: Commemorate Norman victory

60. Chartres Cathedral

  • Location & Time: Gothic, 1194-1220 C.E.
  • Materials: Limestone, stained glass
  • Content: Jamb figures, rose window
  • Function: Religious worship, pilgrimage

61. Dedication Page with Blanche of Castile

  • Location & Time: Gothic Europe, 1225-1245 C.E.
  • Materials: Illuminated manuscript
  • Content: Queen, king, moralized bible
  • Function: Teach morals, right to rule

62. Rottgen Pieta

  • Location & Time: Medieval Europe, 1300-1325 C.E.
  • Materials: Painted wood
  • Content: Virgin mourning Christ
  • Function: Evoke emotion, altar piece

63. Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel

  • Location & Time: Italy, 1303 C.E.
  • Materials: Brick, fresco
  • Content: Narrative scenes, Lamentation
  • Function: Devotional, atone sin

64. Golden Haggadah

  • Location & Time: Medieval Spain, 1320 C.E.
  • Materials: Illuminated manuscript
  • Content: Passover story
  • Function: Jewish culture, wealth

65. Alhambra

  • Location & Time: Spain, 1354-1391 C.E.
  • Materials: Stucco, wood, tile
  • Content: Palaces, gardens, courtyards
  • Function: Palace, medina

66. Annunciation Triptych

  • Location & Time: Netherlands, 1427-1432 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on oak
  • Content: Mary and Gabriel, patrons
  • Function: Private devotion

67. Pazzi Chapel

  • Location & Time: Florence, 1429-1461 C.E.
  • Materials: Masonry
  • Content: Corinthian columns, dome
  • Function: Chapter house, burial site

68. The Arnolfini Portrait

  • Location & Time: Netherlands, 1434 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on oak
  • Content: Wealthy couple, mirror, dog
  • Function: Wedding documentation

69. David

  • Location & Time: Donatello, 1440-1460 C.E.
  • Materials: Bronze
  • Content: Biblical David, contrapposto
  • Function: Storytelling, Christian message

70. Palazzo Rucellai

  • Location & Time: Florence, 1450 C.E.
  • Materials: Stone masonry
  • Content: Rucellai family seal, Greek/Roman influence
  • Function: Family residence, wealth

71. Madonna and Child with Two Angels

  • Location & Time: Florence, 1465 C.E.
  • Materials: Tempera on wood
  • Content: Mary, Christ, angels
  • Function: Medici commission

72. Birth of Venus

  • Location & Time: Botticelli, 1482-1486 C.E.
  • Materials: Tempera on canvas
  • Content: Venus, mythological scene
  • Function: Mythical, educational

73. Last Supper

  • Location & Time: da Vinci, 1494-1498 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil and tempera
  • Content: Biblical narrative, apostles
  • Function: Monastic contemplation

74. Adam and Eve

  • Location & Time: Durer, 1504 C.E.
  • Materials: Engraving
  • Content: Biblical figures, animals
  • Function: Storytelling

75. Sistine Chapel ceiling and altar wall Frescoes

  • Location & Time: Michelangelo, 1508-1541 C.E.
  • Materials: Fresco
  • Content: Biblical scenes, prophets
  • Function: Religious storytelling

76. School of Athens

  • Location & Time: Vatican, 1509-1511 C.E.
  • Materials: Fresco
  • Content: Philosophers, thinkers
  • Function: Tribute to knowledge

77. Isenheim Altarpiece

  • Location & Time: Grunewald, 1512-1516 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on wood
  • Content: Crucifixion, saints
  • Function: Devotional object

78. Entombment of Christ

  • Location & Time: Pontormo, 1525-1528 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on wood
  • Content: Mournful, exaggerated forms
  • Function: Altar piece

79. Allegory of Law and Grace

  • Location & Time: Cranach, 1529 C.E.
  • Materials: Woodcut and letterpress
  • Content: Lutheran ideas, law vs. grace
  • Function: Spread Reformation ideas

80. Venus of Urbino

  • Location & Time: Titian, 1538 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Nude Venus, symbols of fidelity
  • Function: Reflect wife duties

81. Frontispiece of the Codex Mendoza

  • Location & Time: New Spain, 1541-1542 C.E.
  • Materials: Ink and color on paper
  • Content: Tenochtitlan, Aztec myth
  • Function: Emphasize Aztec power

82. II Gesu, including Triumph of the Name of Jesus ceiling Fresco

  • Location & Time: Rome, 16th century C.E.
  • Materials: Brick, marble, fresco
  • Content: Single aisle church, fresco
  • Function: Jesuit church, illustrate beliefs

83. Hunters in the Snow

  • Location & Time: Vienna, 1565 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on wood
  • Content: Winter scene, everyday activities
  • Function: Represent hardships and enjoyments of winter

84. Mosque of Selim II

  • Location & Time: Edirne, 1568-1575 C.E.
  • Materials: Brick and stone
  • Content: Prayer hall, dome
  • Function: Show Ottoman greatness

85. Calling of Saint Matthew

  • Location & Time: Caravaggio, 1597-1601 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Biblical story, light
  • Function: Catholic teaching

86. Henri IV Receives the Portrait of Marie de Medici

  • Location & Time: Rubens, 1621-1625 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Marie de Medici, gods
  • Function: Propaganda, political reasons

87. Self-Portrait with Saskia

  • Location & Time: Rembrandt, 1636 C.E.
  • Materials: Etching
  • Content: Rembrandt and wife
  • Function: Private artwork

88. San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane

  • Location & Time: Rome, 1638-1646 C.E.
  • Materials: Stone and stucco
  • Content: Baroque architecture
  • Function: Dedication to St. Charles Borromeo

89. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

  • Location & Time: Bernini, 1647-1652 C.E.
  • Materials: Marble
  • Content: Saint Teresa, angel
  • Function: Spiritual representation

90. Angel with Arquebus

  • Location & Time: Calamarca, 17th century C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Angel with gun
  • Function: Represent power

91. Las Meninas

  • Location & Time: Velazquez, 1656 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Royal family, perspective
  • Function: Royal viewing

92. Woman Holding a Balance

  • Location & Time: Vermeer, 1664 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Woman with balance, Last Judgment
  • Function: Wealth, piety

93. The Palace of Versailles

  • Location & Time: France, 1669 C.E.
  • Materials: Stone, gold
  • Content: Hall of mirrors, gardens
  • Function: Show power, host parties

94. Screen with the Siege of Belgrade and Hunting Scene

  • Location & Time: 1697-1701 C.E.
  • Materials: Tempera and resin
  • Content: Battle and hunting scenes
  • Function: Decorative piece

95. The Virgin of Guadalupe

  • Location & Time: 16th century
  • Materials: Oil, tempera
  • Content: Guadalupe, religious devotion
  • Function: Religious purposes

96. Fruit and Insects

  • Location & Time: Ruysch, 1711 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on wood
  • Content: Still life of fruits and insects
  • Function: Sign of friendship, sold

97. Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo

  • Location & Time: Jurez, 1715 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Mixed family, racial mixing
  • Function: Discourage racial mixing

98. The Tete a Tete, from Marriage a la Mode

  • Location & Time: Hogarth, 1743 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Young couple, satire
  • Function: Satirical commentary

Unit 4: Late Europe and Americas

99. Portrait of Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz

  • Location & Time: Cabrera, 1750 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Catholic nun, books
  • Function: Portrait of Sor Juana

100. A Philosopher Giving a Lecture on the Orrery

  • Location & Time: Wright, 1763-1765 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Scientist, orrery
  • Function: Show scientific improvements

101. The Swing

  • Location & Time: Fragonard, 1767 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Lady on swing, lover, bishop
  • Function: Ownership of the rich

102. Monticello

  • Location & Time: Jefferson, 1768-1809 C.E.
  • Materials: Brick, stone
  • Content: Home, classical inspiration
  • Function: Jefferson's residence

103. The Oath of the Horatii

  • Location & Time: David, 1784 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Roman myth, sons swearing
  • Function: Symbolize individual sacrifice

104. George Washington

  • Location & Time: Houdon, 1788-1792 C.E.
  • Materials: Marble
  • Content: Washington, contrapposto
  • Function: Sculpture, power symbol

105. Self-Portrait

  • Location & Time: Le Brun, 1790 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Artist painting
  • Function: Show artist's freedom

106. Y no hai remedio

  • Location & Time: Goya, 1810-1823 C.E.
  • Materials: Etching
  • Content: Blindfolded man, firing squad
  • Function: Protest against French occupation

107. La Grande Odalisque

  • Location & Time: Ingres, 1814 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Nude woman, exotic items
  • Function: Oriental style

108. Liberty Leading the People

  • Location & Time: Delacroix, 1830 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Liberty, revolution
  • Function: Glorification of everyday people

109. The Oxbow

  • Location & Time: Cole, 1836 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Landscape, nature
  • Function: Westward expansion

110. Still Life in Studio

  • Location & Time: Daguerre, 1837 C.E.
  • Materials: Daguerreotype
  • Content: Still life, autonomy
  • Function: Artistic expression

111. Slave Ship

  • Location & Time: Turner, 1840 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Slave ship, storm
  • Function: Protest slavery

112. Palace of Westminster

  • Location & Time: London, 1840-1870 C.E.
  • Materials: Limestone, glass
  • Content: Gothic style, parliament
  • Function: Government seat

113. The Stone Breakers

  • Location & Time: Courbet, 1849 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Stone breakers, poverty
  • Function: Deprivation symbol

114. Nadar Raising Photography to the Height of Art

  • Location & Time: Daumier, 1862 C.E.
  • Materials: Lithograph
  • Content: Nadar, aerial photo
  • Function: Mock Nadar's art

115. Olympia

  • Location & Time: Manet, 1863 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Nude woman, black maid
  • Function: Commentary on racial divisions

116. The Saint-Lazare Station

  • Location & Time: Monet, 1877 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Train station, modernization
  • Function: Show industrialization

117. The Horse in Motion

  • Location & Time: Muybridge, 1878 C.E.
  • Materials: Photograph
  • Content: Running horse, motion study
  • Function: Expressiveness

118. The Valley of Mexico

  • Location & Time: Velasco, 1882 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Landscape, Mexico's beauty
  • Function: Beauty of Mexico

119. The Burghers of Calais

  • Location & Time: Rodin, 1884-1895 C.E.
  • Materials: Bronze
  • Content: Burghers, sacrifice
  • Function: Symbolize Hundred Years War

120. The Starry Night

  • Location & Time: van Gogh, 1889 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Night sky, cypress trees
  • Function: Landscape study, mental expression

121. The Coiffure

  • Location & Time: Cassatt, 1890-1891 C.E.
  • Materials: Drypoint, aquatint
  • Content: Woman fixing hair
  • Function: Feminine moment

122. The Scream

  • Location & Time: Munch, 1893 C.E.
  • Materials: Tempera, pastels
  • Content: Screaming figure, bridge
  • Function: Semi-autobiographical

123. Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?

  • Location & Time: Gauguin, 1897-1898 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Tahitian natives, life stages
  • Function: Multiple interpretations

124. Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building

  • Location & Time: Sullivan, 1899-1903 C.E.
  • Materials: Iron, steel
  • Content: Tripartite, department store
  • Function: Highlight ground level

125. Mont Sainte-Victoire

  • Location & Time: Cezanne, 1902-1904 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Limestone mountain, landscape
  • Function: Capture beauty

126. Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

  • Location & Time: Picasso, 1907 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Naked women, geometric shapes
  • Function: Expression of desire, fear

127. The Steerage

  • Location & Time: Stieglitz, 1907 C.E.
  • Materials: Photogravure
  • Content: Social divisions, steerage
  • Function: Showcase photography

128. The Kiss

  • Location & Time: Klimt, 1907-1908 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil, gold leaf
  • Content: Kissing couple, patterns
  • Function: Show love, passion

129. The Kiss

  • Location & Time: Brancusi, 1907-1908 C.E.
  • Materials: Stone
  • Content: Intertwined figures
  • Function: Express subject in pure form

130. The Portuguese

  • Location & Time: Braque, 1911 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Fractured form, exploration
  • Function: Experimental art

131. Goldfish

  • Location & Time: Matisse, 1912 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Still life, goldfish
  • Function: Contemplative exaltation

132. Improvisation 28

  • Location & Time: Kandinsky, 1912 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Abstract, music composition
  • Function: Respond like music

133. Self-Portrait as a Soldier

  • Location & Time: Kirchner, 1915 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Artist in uniform, amputated arm
  • Function: Injury representation

134. Memorial Sheet for Karl Liebknecht

  • Location & Time: Kollwitz, 1919-1920 C.E.
  • Materials: Woodcut
  • Content: Mourners, deceased
  • Function: Memorial

135. Villa Savoye

  • Location & Time: Le Corbusier, 1929 C.E.
  • Materials: Steel, concrete
  • Content: Modern architecture
  • Function: Functional house, sculpture

136. Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow

  • Location & Time: Mondrian, 1930 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Rectilinear forms, colors
  • Function: Underlying structure of reality

137. Illustration from The Results of the First Five-Year Plan

  • Location & Time: Stepanova, 1932 C.E.
  • Materials: Photomontage
  • Content: Soviet ideals, figures
  • Function: Commemorate Soviet ideals

138. Object (Le DĂ©jeuner en fourrure)

  • Location & Time: Oppenheim, 1936 C.E.
  • Materials: Fur-covered items
  • Content: Cup, saucer, spoon
  • Function: Non-objective title

139. Fallingwater

  • Location & Time: Wright, 1936-1939 C.E.
  • Materials: Concrete, sandstone
  • Content: House over waterfall
  • Function: Milestone for architect

140. The Two Fridas

  • Location & Time: Kahlo, 1939 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Two self-portraits, hearts
  • Function: Express pain

141. The Migration of the Negro

  • Location & Time: Lawrence, 1940-1941 C.E.
  • Materials: Tempera on hardboard
  • Content: Segregated restaurant
  • Function: Depict great migration

142. The Jungle

  • Location & Time: Lam, 1943 C.E.
  • Materials: Gouache on canvas
  • Content: Enigmatic faces, sugarcane
  • Function: Communicate psychic state

143. Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in the Alameda Park

  • Location & Time: Rivera, 1947-1948 C.E.
  • Materials: Fresco
  • Content: Mexican history, characters
  • Function: Commemorate Mexican history

144. Fountain

  • Location & Time: Duchamp, 1950 C.E.
  • Materials: Readymade
  • Content: Upside down urinal
  • Function: Irony

145. Woman, I

  • Location & Time: de Kooning, 1950-1952 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Angry woman, exaggerated features
  • Function: Expression of grotesque beauty

146. Seagram Building

  • Location & Time: Mies van der Rohe, 1954-1958 C.E.
  • Materials: Steel, glass
  • Content: Minimalistic skyscraper
  • Function: Structural evidence

147. Marilyn Diptych

  • Location & Time: Warhol, 1962 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil, acrylic
  • Content: Marilyn Monroe, repetition
  • Function: Mock celebrity cult

148. Narcissus Garden

  • Location & Time: Kusama, 1966 C.E.
  • Materials: Mirror balls
  • Content: Reflection, narcissism
  • Function: Confront vanity

149. The Bay

  • Location & Time: Frankenthaler, 1963 C.E.
  • Materials: Acrylic on canvas
  • Content: Bay in Michigan
  • Function: Art for art's sake

150. Lipstick (Ascending) on Caterpillar Tracks

  • Location & Time: Oldenburg, 1969-1974 C.E.
  • Materials: Steel, aluminum
  • Content: Lipstick, military
  • Function: Anti-war

151. Spiral Jetty

  • Location & Time: Smithson, 1970 C.E.
  • Materials: Earthwork
  • Content: Spiral in Salt Lake
  • Function: Artistic expression

152. House in New Castle County

  • Location & Time: Venturi, Rauch, Brown, 1978-1983 C.E.
  • Materials: Wood, stucco
  • Content: Family residence
  • Function: Home for family

Unit 5: Indigenous Americas

153. Chavín de Huántar

  • Location & Time: Peru, 900-200 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Stone
  • Content: Temple, jewelry
  • Function: Religious center

154. Mesa Verde cliff dwellings

  • Location & Time: Colorado, 450-1300 C.E.
  • Materials: Sandstone
  • Content: Kivas, murals
  • Function: Ceremonial, residential

155. Yaxchilán

  • Location & Time: Mexico, 725 C.E.
  • Materials: Limestone
  • Content: Carved lintels, rituals
  • Function: Show power

156. Great Serpent Mound

  • Location & Time: Ohio, 1070 C.E.
  • Materials: Earthwork
  • Content: Snake effigy
  • Function: Spiritual, astrological

157. Templo Mayor

  • Location & Time: Mexico City, 1375-1520 C.E.
  • Materials: Stone
  • Content: Dual temples, gods
  • Function: Worship, power

158. Ruler's feather headdress

  • Location & Time: Mexico, 1428-1520 C.E.
  • Materials: Feathers, gold
  • Content: Quetzal feathers
  • Function: Ruler's regalia

159. City of Cusco

  • Location & Time: Peru, 1440 C.E.
  • Materials: Andesite
  • Content: Inca architecture
  • Function: Capital, worship

160. Maize cobs

  • Location & Time: Inka, 1440-1533 C.E.
  • Materials: Metal
  • Content: Life-size maize
  • Function: Honor important crop

161. City of Machu Picchu

  • Location & Time: Peru, 1450-1540 C.E.
  • Materials: Granite
  • Content: Emperor's palace
  • Function: Show power, retreat

162. All-T'oqapu tunic

  • Location & Time: Inka, 1450-1540 C.E.
  • Materials: Fiber, cotton
  • Content: Checkerboard pattern
  • Function: Elite regalia

163. Bandolier bag

  • Location & Time: Delaware tribe, 1850 C.E.
  • Materials: Beadwork, leather
  • Content: Decorative bag
  • Function: Social identity

164. Transformation mask

  • Location & Time: Canada, late 19th century
  • Materials: Wood, paint
  • Content: Eagle shape, opens to human
  • Function: Genealogy, high status

165. Painted elk hide

  • Location & Time: Eastern Shoshone, 1890-1900 C.E.
  • Materials: Painted hide
  • Content: Animals, hunters
  • Function: Sold to tourists

166. Black-on-black ceramic vessel

  • Location & Time: Puebloan, mid-20th century
  • Materials: Ceramic
  • Content: Patterns, matte design
  • Function: Functional, artistic

Unit 6: Africa

167. Conical tower and circular wall of Great Zimbabwe

  • Location & Time: Zimbabwe, 1000-1400 C.E.
  • Materials: Granite
  • Content: Judicial center, ruler's court
  • Function: Demonstrate power

168. Great Mosque of Djenné

  • Location & Time: Mali, 1200 C.E.
  • Materials: Adobe
  • Content: Minarets, terracotta lids
  • Function: Religious devotion, community center

169. Wall plaque from Oba's palace

  • Location & Time: Nigeria, 16th century C.E.
  • Materials: Cast brass
  • Content: King, attendants
  • Function: Palace decoration, court rituals

170. Sika dwa kofi (Golden Stool)

  • Location & Time: Ghana, 1700 C.E.
  • Materials: Gold over wood
  • Content: Sacred stool
  • Function: Symbol of the Ashanti people

171. Ndop (portrait figure) of King Mishe miShyaang maMbul

  • Location & Time: Kuba, 1760-1780 C.E.
  • Materials: Wood
  • Content: King portrayal
  • Function: Celebrates rule

172. Power figure (Nkisi nkondi)

  • Location & Time: Kongo, late 19th century C.E.
  • Materials: Wood, metal
  • Content: Human figure, nails
  • Function: Social obligation reminder

173. Female (Pwo) mask

  • Location & Time: Chokwe, late 19th century
  • Materials: Wood, metal
  • Content: Female deity, tattoos
  • Function: Honor Chokwe women

174. Portrait mask (Mblo)

  • Location & Time: Baule, early 20th century
  • Materials: Wood, pigment
  • Content: Idealized portrait
  • Function: Honor respected members

175. Bundu mask

  • Location & Time: Mende, 19th-20th century
  • Materials: Wood, cloth
  • Content: Female ideals
  • Function: Celebrates maturation

176. Ikenga (shrine figure)

  • Location & Time: Igbo, 19th-20th century
  • Materials: Wood
  • Content: Human face, animal attributes
  • Function: Symbolize achievements

177. Lukasa (memory board)

  • Location & Time: Luba, 19th-20th century
  • Materials: Wood, beads
  • Content: Patterns, historical record
  • Function: Record history

178. Aka elephant mask

  • Location & Time: Bamileke, 19th-20th century
  • Materials: Wood, beads
  • Content: Elephant symbolism
  • Function: Emphasize king's power

179. Reliquary figure (byeri)

  • Location & Time: Fang, 19th-20th century
  • Materials: Wood
  • Content: Ancestor protection
  • Function: Guard reliquary boxes

180. Veranda post of enthroned king and senior wife

  • Location & Time: Yoruba, 1910-1914 C.E.
  • Materials: Wood, pigment
  • Content: King, queen
  • Function: Structural support

Unit 7: West and Central Asia

181. Petra, Jordan: Treasury and Great Temple

  • Location & Time: Nabataean, 400 B.C.E.-100 C.E.
  • Materials: Cut rock
  • Content: Tombs, diverse architecture
  • Function: Functioning city

182. Buddha

  • Location & Time: Bamiyan, 400-800 C.E.
  • Materials: Cut rock, plaster
  • Content: Monumental figures
  • Function: Worship

183. The Kaaba

  • Location & Time: Mecca, 7th century C.E.
  • Materials: Granite
  • Content: Black brocade cloth
  • Function: Islamic pilgrimage

184. Jowo Rinpoche, enshrined in the Jokhang Temple

  • Location & Time: Tibet, 641 C.E.
  • Materials: Gilt metals, stones
  • Content: Buddha statue
  • Function: Cultural significance

185. Dome of the Rock

  • Location & Time: Jerusalem, 691-692 C.E.
  • Materials: Stone, ceramic
  • Content: Dome, religious significance
  • Function: Religious association

186. Great Mosque (Masjid-e Jameh)

  • Location & Time: Isfahan, 700 C.E.
  • Materials: Stone, wood
  • Content: Calligraphy, minarets
  • Function: Unite community

187. Folio from a Quran

  • Location & Time: Abbasid, 8th-9th century
  • Materials: Parchment
  • Content: Calligraphy, sacred text
  • Function: Ritual recitations

188. Basin (Baptistère de St. Louis)

  • Location & Time: 1320-1340 C.E.
  • Materials: Brass
  • Content: Hunting, battle scenes
  • Function: Purification, later baptisms

189. Bahram Gur Fights the Karg

  • Location & Time: Persian, 1330-1340 C.E.
  • Materials: Ink, watercolor
  • Content: Ideal king, influences
  • Function: Recount tale

190. The Court of Gayumars

  • Location & Time: Sultan Muhammad, 1522-1525 C.E.
  • Materials: Watercolor, gold
  • Content: Gayumars enthroned
  • Function: Depict harmony

191. The Ardabil Carpet

  • Location & Time: Kashan, 1539-1540 C.E.
  • Materials: Silk, wool
  • Content: Prayer carpet
  • Function: Religious, prayer

Unit 8: South, East, and Southeast Asia

192. Great Stupa at Sanchi

  • Location & Time: India, 300 B.C.E.-100 C.E.
  • Materials: Stone masonry
  • Content: Worship site
  • Function: Worship, meditation

193. Terracotta warriors from the mausoleum of the first Qin emperor of China

  • Location & Time: China, 221-209 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Terra cotta
  • Content: Warriors, horses
  • Function: Guard tomb

194. Funeral banner of Lady Dai

  • Location & Time: Han Dynasty, 180 B.C.E.
  • Materials: Silk
  • Content: Lady Dai's journey
  • Function: Display wealth

195. Longmen caves

  • Location & Time: Tang Dynasty, 493-1127 C.E.
  • Materials: Limestone
  • Content: Buddhist statues
  • Function: Record lineage

196. Gold and jade crown

  • Location & Time: Silla Kingdom, 5th-6th century C.E.
  • Materials: Metalwork
  • Content: Gold, jade
  • Function: Burial, high rank

197. Todai-ji

  • Location & Time: Japan, 743 C.E.
  • Materials: Bronze, wood
  • Content: Great Buddha
  • Function: Spiritual unity

198. Borobudur Temple

  • Location & Time: Sailendra Dynasty, 750-842 C.E.
  • Materials: Volcanic stone
  • Content: Path of life
  • Function: Enlightenment

199. Angkor Wat

  • Location & Time: Cambodia, 800-1400 C.E.
  • Materials: Sandstone
  • Content: Temple, harmony
  • Function: Dedicated to Vishnu

200. Lakshmana Temple

  • Location & Time: Chandella Dynasty, 930-950 C.E.
  • Materials: Sandstone
  • Content: Deity Vishnu
  • Function: Residence of God

201. Travelers among Mountains and Streams

  • Location & Time: Fan Kuan, 1000 C.E.
  • Materials: Ink on silk
  • Content: Cosmic vision
  • Function: Harmony existence

202. Shiva as Lord of Dance

  • Location & Time: Chola Dynasty, 11th century C.E.
  • Materials: Bronze
  • Content: Cosmic dancer
  • Function: Praise Shiva

203. Night Attack on the Sanjo Palace

  • Location & Time: Japan, 1250-1300 C.E.
  • Materials: Handscroll
  • Content: Battle scene
  • Function: Informative

204. The David Vases

  • Location & Time: Yuan Dynasty, 1351 C.E.
  • Materials: Porcelain
  • Content: Blue dragons
  • Function: Altarpiece

205. Portrait of Sin Sukju

  • Location & Time: Korea, 15th century C.E.
  • Materials: Hanging scroll
  • Content: Sin Sukju, rank badge
  • Function: Honor accomplishments

206. Forbidden City

  • Location & Time: Beijing, 15th century C.E.
  • Materials: Stone, wood
  • Content: Palace, inner and outer courts
  • Function: Emperor's residence

207. Ryoan-ji

  • Location & Time: Japan, 1480 C.E.
  • Materials: Rock garden
  • Content: Dry garden, wet garden
  • Function: Meditation

208. Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaikh to Kings

  • Location & Time: Bichitr, 1620 C.E.
  • Materials: Watercolor, gold
  • Content: Emperor Jahangir
  • Function: Political significance

209. Taj Mahal

  • Location & Time: India, 1632-1653 C.E.
  • Materials: Marble
  • Content: Mausoleum, gardens
  • Function: Mausoleum for Mumtaz

210. White and Red Plum Blossoms

  • Location & Time: Korin, 1710-1716 C.E.
  • Materials: Gold leaf on paper
  • Content: Plum trees, stream
  • Function: Preserve Rimpa values

211. Great Wave off Kanagawa

  • Location & Time: Hokusai, 1830-1833 C.E.
  • Materials: Woodblock print
  • Content: Wave, Mount Fuji
  • Function: Domestic travel depiction

212. Chairman Mao en Route to Anyuan

  • Location & Time: 1969 C.E.
  • Materials: Lithograph
  • Content: Young Mao, determined
  • Function: Communist propaganda

Unit 9: The Pacific

213. Nan Madol

  • Location & Time: Micronesia, 700-1600 C.E.
  • Materials: Basalt
  • Content: Canals, palaces
  • Function: Inhabitant home

214. Moai on platform

  • Location & Time: Easter Island, 1100-1600 C.E.
  • Materials: Volcanic tuff
  • Content: Human ancestor spirits
  • Function: Represent ancestors

215. Ahu ula (feather cape)

  • Location & Time: Hawaiian, late 18th century C.E.
  • Materials: Feathers, fiber
  • Content: Red and yellow cloak
  • Function: Symbol of power

216. Staff god

  • Location & Time: Cook Islands, late 18th-early 19th century
  • Materials: Wood, tapa
  • Content: God representation
  • Function: Symbol of mana

217. Female deity

  • Location & Time: Micronesia, 18th-19th century C.E.
  • Materials: Wood
  • Content: Human form
  • Function: Religious purposes

218. Buk (mask)

  • Location & Time: Torres Strait, mid-late 19th century C.E.
  • Materials: Turtle shell
  • Content: Bird symbolism
  • Function: Ceremonial significance

219. Hiapo (tapa)

  • Location & Time: Niue, 1850-1900 C.E.
  • Materials: Tapa
  • Content: Geometric designs
  • Function: Special occasions

220. Tamati Waka Nene

  • Location & Time: Lindauer, 1890 C.E.
  • Materials: Oil on canvas
  • Content: Maori chief portrait
  • Function: Preserve history

221. Navigation chart

  • Location & Time: Marshall Islands, 19th-20th century
  • Materials: Wood, fiber
  • Content: Wave swells
  • Function: Navigation

222. Malagan display and mask

  • Location & Time: Papua New Guinea, 20th century
  • Materials: Wood, pigment
  • Content: Ritualistic
  • Function: Funeral significance

223. Presentation of Fijian mats and tapa cloths to Queen Elizabeth II

  • Location & Time: Fiji, 1953 C.E.
  • Materials: Multimedia performance
  • Content: Ceremonial presentation
  • Function: Honor ceremony

View note sourcehttps://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/605fe570e5454a357d1e1811/60a174e467e8ec74d0a64d6a_SS-AP-Art-History.pdf