[Applause] [Music] increased ICP is a must know topic for the enlex and nursing exams since it's very deadly and it relates to so many highly tested topics so be sure to pay attention and write all the key points down in this video so first off let's break down the word let the name help you here increased intracranial pressure just think high pressure inside the cranium the head which puts loads of pressure on the brain eventually squashing the brain stem which controls breathing and heart rate and this eventually kills the patient now as far as the causes just think of anything that can increase pressure inside the head from increased bleeding in the head from an aneurysm stroke we get a bursted blood vessel that now fills up the brain causing increased pressure or increased swelling in inflammation from a head trauma or even menitis so more inflammation means more pressure or even increased brain tissue like from a tumor now as far as the pathophysiology again just think this increased pressure compresses the brain so initially it compresses blood vessels that carry oxygen to the brain so less blood means less oxygen resulting in a change of level of Consciousness from cerebral hypoxia that low oxygen to the brain so the key term here is reduced level of Consciousness or decreased mental status write that down this is the earliest sign of increased ICP and even hessie says that the earliest sign of increased ICP the answer was altered level of Consciousness again just think low oxygen means low Consciousness or mental status change also known as altered level of consciousness you like that did you well click here and get access to over a th000 fun visual videos 300 study guide cheat sheets and a massive quiz Bank loaded with detailed rationals to test your knowledge neatly organized in our new app click here to get started for [Music] free now for the signs and symptoms to write down so the earliest signs are typically the most tested on the end clicks so key terms again altered level of Consciousness but they also call it irritability and restlessness as well as decreased mental status then we can see sleepiness as well as a flat affect and drowsiness now again the enlex and exit exams love to focus on this since early detection saves lives now for moderate signs we see a headache that's constant and then another key term sudden vomiting that emesis without nausea we must report this to the hcp or the provider now the big key term here is vomiting without nausea this was mentioned a few times by various exams and enlex question Banks so a common enlex question asks which client is priority and it's typically the one with a closed hit injury waiting for brain Imaging who reports key terms here headache and emesis of 200 mls without nausea so again write down those big key terms again the enlex loves to ask about priority clients so emesis without nausea is typically a priority finding now for the late deadly signs here as ICP builds it puts a lot of pressure on the brain stem at the base of the brain which controls the heart rate and breathing so this eventually leads to irregular breathing and other vitals so in the lungs we'll see irregular respirations known as cheny Stoke respirations this is basically fast and slow breathing in the neck we see nucar rigidity that stiff neck patients complain of they cannot Flex the chin toward the chest write that down it's a big key word so just think all this pressure inside the brain is pushing down on that brain stem causing herniation now the Key signs that the brain stem is affected is write this down the pupils will be fixed and dilated and sometimes unequal thanks for watching for our full video and new quiz Bank click right up here to access your free trial and please consider subscribing to our YouTube channel last but not least a big thanks to our team of experts helping us make these great videos all right guys see you next time