By Dr. O this video, dive in and just talk about the pros versus the cons of using broad-spectrum antibiotics so let's start with the definitions of a broad-spectrum antibiotic is an antibiotic that can kill a broad variety of organisms. So, it typically that means they can kill both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, or lease inhibit them both. So will be the benefit of using broad-spectrum robotics and why you so much in the past well if you don't know what pathogen someone has than a broad-spectrum antibiotic is basically a shocking approach. You're more likely to hit it but the problem is now they do more specific research on the top banner box we choose versus the type that's one of working. Once we have actually called to the organism set and use things like antiviral grams would say that only about 35% of the antibiotics we choose when we use the shocking approach are actually going to be the most effective kind. So that's generally the the rationale behind using them is that you're more likely to catch the microbe that you're trying to kill. So these are used a lot in the past they still are used probably way too much but that in the past skin answer. We didn't understand that there were consequences to using antibiotics besides just the evolution of drug-resistant organisms. We also had damage to the microbiome, etc. but that. So let's let's look at those cons of the pros would be that that you're hopefully more likely to actually kill the pathogen. But the con is you're going there to be a lot more collateral damage. That's the way I look at it. Broad-spectrum antibiotics like firebombing an entire city. Whereas a narrow spectrum antibiotic or maybe want something in the future like phage therapy would be like a laser guided missile strike to fruit for the one target that you need. So I look here. Number one the normal microbiotic keeps opportunistic pathogens and checks on opportunistic pathogen is one that Tom generally isn't going to be a pathogen in the in a strong host. It's going to be a pathogen in a compromised host a week host or forgets in the wrong location. So here we see the benefit of having a good microbiome and they they make vitamins they do also to cool things. But if you asked me the number one benefit of having a strong, healthy, robust microbiome is a term called competitive exclusion. So as long as your microbiome is full of good organisms. They hold the bad ones in check and you could say that a perfect microbiome is still only 80% good bacteria, 20% by bacteria but those good bacteria are what hold the bad ones in check. So here we see a number two. Now it broad-spectrum antibiotic's came in and wiped out all of these drugs and organisms competition. So imagine that the blue imagine that blue organism being C. diff this person had seed C. diff spent inside their their gut for 25 years and now they take this broad-spectrum antibiotic kills off all of C. diff's competition seated spinning hanging out in spores waiting for the environment to change and now check out there's there's tons of food around. There's no competition C. diff will will regenerate these ports to regenerate the become vegetative cells and now you have a C. diff infection. This is the reason that antibiotics lead to things like C. diff infection. So that's number three says drugs and pathogens proliferate cause a superinfection. So a superinfection is an infection caused by taking antibiotics so it's it's a type of secondary infection but it's not like because you're a compromised host. It's not like because you have the flu and your music got week that you got pneumonia it's because you took antibiotics. It killed off all the good cortical good guys that were holding the bad organisms in check and then now they're able to take over. So the most common examples of superinfections would be C. diff ever smelled C. diff you never forget it. And number two would be candida yeast infections because antibiotics even broad-spectrum robotics don't kill yeast. So so this is the rationale behind using broad-spectrum antibiotics but also the the con the negatives associated with it. Now in the future I hope that these broad-spectrum antibodies are absolutely only used when necessary. So how do we do that number one quicker diagnostics. We realize that we realize that we chose the wrong antibiotic. All too often, but it takes one, two or three days to figure that out. So using things like phage typing work of genetic testing. Hopefully we can tell what organism someone has quicker the number two using things like antiviral grams. Not only do know the organism, but where can we get data to say this is the antibiotic is the right antibiotic to kill this organism without all this collateral damage that. I'm also hoping that in the future. We have narrow spectrum antibiotics that are very specific like if you have a Helicobacter pylori infection though be an antibiotic that hopefully just kills that organism so I am not sure. I'm not sure if it'll be antibiotics but so in the future I hope that we do not see this abuse, misuse and overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics because this is one of several complications, but I hope that helps you understand kind of the the rationale behind being concerned about the use of broad-spectrum robotics have a wonderful day. Be blessed