okay so one of the big things that we as dental hygienists need to know is the periadron gem this is our bread and butter we really um need to know the what this word means and we also need to note tissues that make up the periodontium so let's just step back a little and analyze this word so when you look at this word over here the first thing that i want you to note is perry the word peri means around and you can see that here so perry means around and odontium comes from the word ordontas which means truth so when we look at that it's basically asking us was telling us that the periodontium are things or structures or tissues that are around the tooth so think about this for a minute there are four things okay or four tissues that um surround the tute what are they so i'll give you a minute to um think about that but there's four tissues the way i remember it is um the watcher there's many different mnemonics that are out there but the way that i like to do it is i think you can do g pack you could say uh cap g like there's so many different whatever works for you these are all different types of uh mnemonics okay so i'm just going to use this one over here so c is for cementin okay and we're going to look at all this a is for alveolar a for alveolar alveolar bone p is for pdl or paired onto ligament fibers and g is for gingiva or gums so i apologize for this here okay cementum so there's four different tissues or four different things that surround the toot so let's look at um i'll use this picture over here for now so here we have the toot and the periodontium is asking us or is telling us what is around the toot and so the first thing that i see that's around the tube is this in red which is your gums so g for gingiva or gums the second thing i see that's around the two is your cementum now i'm gonna see if i can draw this um out for you guys better but basically the cementum is a layer just around the root okay so cementum covers the root so this thing in brown that we're looking at that is your cement so that covers the c next thing i see is periodontal ligament fiber so this block lines that you see running through um those are the periodontal ligament fibers and that is also something that i see around the toot and lastly i see bone alveolar bone so this thing in yellow this is your alveolar bone so four things or four tissues that you see surrounding the tooth here's another picture so this is my badly drawn toot and you can see the red is the gum or gingiva the um the yellow part is the bone cementum i can draw in so cementum is the brown thing that we're looking at that's covering the root and then we have the periodontal ligament fibers which it's not clear here but it's basically those black lines running through okay those are paired onto ligament fibers again four things two um or four tissues rather that make up the periodontium cementum alveolar bone periodontal ligament gingiva this needs to be ingrained you know into your brain because the whole period of course just looks at the periodontism just examines the different tissues that make up the periodontium or in other words looks at the four things that surrounded the four things that surrounded toot which as we said are cementing alveolar bone periodontal ligament and the gum or the gingiva so let's start with what the gums mean okay so you're gonna see some complicated terms but really it's really really simple so when you're looking at the gingiva all it is is basically this pink thing over here right your gums is the pink thing that you see over here now if you look at it it has some complicated terms it says located coronal to cej let's examine this in more detail so the first thing i want to look at is cej so cej stands for if you remember it's cemento enamel junction so what does that mean well remember this is the root right over here that i'm drawing okay and the root is all covered by cementum okay so the root is covered by cementum so this part over here this is your cementum okay then we know that this part over here the crown is made of enamel so this is over this over here is your enamel so again cementum is the one that's covering the root this is your enamel and then we have this line that i'm going to draw in black right over here and this is your junction okay so this is the junction a junction means um where two areas meet so this is your this is your enamel this is the cementum and this is the junction this is where they meet so cejs they were the cementum and the enamel where they meet the junction is where they meet so this over here is your cej this thing that i just circled is your cej so what do you need to know about your cha well what it's saying is that the gum the gingiva is located coronal to see ej let's examine this word corona again i'm going to draw my horrible looking oh my gosh my horrible looking tooth over here here's the root here is the crown oh gosh i cannot draw okay and what it's saying is if i were to draw the gum okay or the gingiva it would be coronal so here's the gingiva it would be coronal to the cej so when you are talking about something corono corona means it's towards the crown so c for crown c for corona okay coronal c for crown c for coronal if i said that something is apical apical means well think about this one this is the apex of the the this is the apex of the root okay so this is right here the very bottom is known as your apex so when we say something is apical we just mean something is towards the root versus the apex of the root when we say something is coronal means that something is going towards the crown c for crown c for coronal that's how we i remember it so the gum is located or the gingiva is located coronal to cej and that's what we see here here is the cej in black that line that that's separating the enamel in the cementum and if you look the gum is coronal is located above the cej so in a healthy mouth the gum is coronal or above the cej okay so it's above the cejs towards the crown and one thing we'll look at is something called junctional epithelium and just so that you know here before i move on the junctional epithelium is basically this area right over here so if i were to put a probe in this um in here so let's say i'm probing your teeth or this tooth right here and this is my probe okay so i cannot draw but just imagine this is a probe that i am putting inside your sulcus we'll look at what the word sulcus means but inside this over here this area over here which is between the tooth and the gums the bottom of my probes where the red thing is the bottom of my probe is known as your junctional epithelium so whenever i'm probing okay the bottom of my probe always hits the junctional epithelium this is where it stops my probe can't go even deeper when i when i meet resistance when i'm probing and it you know hit something that is known as your junctional epithelium okay so let's look at more terms um that we need to know so over here we're gonna see a lot more terms in the next video i'm gonna go over what these different terms mean and we're gonna use this picture over here to go over the terminology