General Orientation of Human Anatomy

Introduction

• Focus on human anatomy and physiology
• Discussion on general orientation of human anatomy
• Important for AIT exams

Common Anatomical Terms

Head and Neck

• Head: Spalc
• Skull: Cranial
• Face: Facial
• Forehead: Frontal
• Temple: Temporal
• Eye: Orbital/Ocular
• Ear: Optic
• Cheek: Bucal
• Nose: Nasal
• Mouth: Oral
• Chin: Mental
• Neck: Cervical

Upper Body

• Armpits: Axillary
• Arm: Brachial
• Forearm: Anti-brachial
• Wrist: Carpal
• Palm: Palmer
• Thumb: Polex
• Fingers: Digital/Phalanges

Torso

• Breast Bone: Sternal
• Chest: Thoracic
• Breast: Mamary
• Abdomen: Abdominal
• Navel: Umbilical

Lower Body (Anterior View)

• Hip: Coxa
• Thigh: Femoral
• Front of Knee: Patella
• Shin: Crural
• Foot: Pedial
• Ankle: Tarsal
• Toes: Digital/Phalanges
• Great Toe: Halex

Posterior Side (Back)

• Base of Skull: Occipital
• Shoulder: Acromial
• Shoulder Blade: Scapular
• Spinal Column: Vertebral
• Back: Dorsal
• Back of Elbow: Ocranial/Cubital
• Loin: Lumbar
• Between Hips: Sacral
• Tailbone: Cagil
• Buttock: Gluteal
• Area between Anus and Genitalia: Panal
• Back of Knee: Popliteal
• Calf: Sural
• Sole of Foot: Plantar
• Heel: Calcaneal

Anatomical Planes

Transverse Plane

• Divides body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts
• Allows rotational or twisting movements

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

• Divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back)
• Movements include abduction (away from midline) and adduction (towards midline)

Sagittal (Lateral) Plane

• Divides body into left and right halves
• Movements include flexion (bending) and extension (straightening)

Anatomical Positions

• Anterior: Front-facing side of the body
• Posterior: Back-facing side of the body
• Medial: Closer to midline of the body
• Lateral: Further from midline of the body
• Superior: Above or higher than another body part
• Inferior: Below or lower than another body part
• Proximal: Closer to point of attachment
• Distal: Further from point of attachment

Conclusion

• Understanding these terms is crucial for AIT exams
• Encouraged to ask questions and utilize additional resources