Overview
This lecture introduces basic concepts in human anatomy and physiology, focusing on definitions, branches, and the relationship between structure and function in the human body.
Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
- Anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body and its parts.
- Physiology is the study of the functions of body parts and how they work.
- The term "anatomy" is derived from Greek, meaning "to cut apart," reflecting its focus on structure.
Subdivisions of Anatomy
- Gross (macroscopic) anatomy studies large body structures visible to the naked eye.
- Regional anatomy examines all structures in a specific body region (e.g., the abdomen).
- Systemic anatomy looks at body structures by systems (e.g., cardiovascular system).
- Surface anatomy relates internal structures to skin surface features.
- Microscopic anatomy covers structures not visible without magnification.
- Cytology studies individual cells; histology studies tissues.
- Developmental anatomy studies structural changes from conception through life.
- Embryology is a subdivision focusing on early developmental changes.
- Pathological anatomy looks at structural changes in disease.
- Radiographic anatomy studies structures using imaging techniques.
Subdivisions of Physiology
- Physiology is organized by organ systems (e.g., renal physiology for kidneys, neurophysiology for nerves, cardiovascular physiology for heart and blood vessels).
- Each organ system's physiology is linked to its specific function.
Principle of Complementarity
- Structure (anatomy) and function (physiology) are closely related and dependent on each other.
- The principle of complementarity states that function reflects structure, and what a structure can do depends on its form.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Anatomy — Study of the structure of body parts.
- Physiology — Study of the function of body parts.
- Gross Anatomy — Study of large, visible structures.
- Microscopic Anatomy — Study of structures requiring magnification.
- Cytology — Study of cells.
- Histology — Study of tissues.
- Developmental Anatomy — Study of structural changes across the lifespan.
- Embryology — Study of development before birth.
- Principle of Complementarity — Concept that structure and function are interrelated.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review key definitions and subdivisions of anatomy and physiology.
- Prepare for further study on specific organ systems and their functions.