Welcome to Glossika Intro Series In this series, we talk about the basics of languages And in today's video, we will talk about the Korean language Korean Alphabet Korean Alphabet is quite logical and very easy to learn And many concepts we mention in this video will be easier to understand if you can read the alphabet So we highly recommend that you learn the alphabet And in this video, focus on the Korean text rather than the Romanization Korean Alphabet consists of 24 basic letters 14 consonants and 10 basic vowels. The consonants are divided into three simple groups. Plain consonants Aspirated consonants, meaning They are pronounced with an exhalation of breath Tense consonants These are just plain consonants but pronounced with a harder or stiffer voice P, P, P, S, S, J, S, J Vowels.
These are the basic vowels in Korean language. A, Ya, O, Yo, O, Yo, U, Yu, I We also have double vowels. Double vowels are composed of basic vowels.
Although these vowels are written differently, they sound identical. Korean is written in blocks instead of individual letters and a block contains a minimum of two letters and these are the block patterns So looking at the blocks It's quite easy to find the vowels and consonants in each block if a block ends with a consonant is called final consonant or Pachim in Korean, which means support or probe a block If you write a single vowel like this, it's not correct. So we need to attach the circle to the vowel.
In its place, the circle acts as a placeholder, and it has no sound. But when the circle comes as a final consonant, it has a ng sound. For example, Another important note about the circle is that, if a block ends with a final consonant, and the next block starts with a circle, The pronunciation of the final consonant will move to the next block. Exception to this rule, when the circle itself comes as a final consonant and the next block starts with a circle, the NG sound will not move to the next block.
English Dog When the letter is followed by the circle, the letter becomes silent. And if there are double final consonants, the final consonant before the will move to the next block. Good I don't like The double vowel I has three different sounds according to its position in a sentence.
When it comes at the beginning of a word, it's pronounced as 의 의사 의자 But when it comes at the end of a word, it's pronounced as 이 회의 And when it's used as a possession particle, it's pronounced as 애 그녀의 가방 Pronunciation of the final consonant If we look at the blocks again, we can see that a block ends with either a vowel or a consonant. If a block ends with a consonant, it's called the final consonant or a pachim. And there could be one or two final consonants in a block. The final consonants are not always pronounced the same way they should.
And there are some important and basic sound changes that you need to learn in order to read the Korean words correctly. We cannot talk about all the rules in one video, but we will tell you some of the most important ones that you need to know. These letters when they come as a final consonant and are not followed by the circle letter are pronounced as and these are pronounced as These are also pronounced But if they are followed by the circle, the pronunciation of the final consonant will move to the next block and are read normally. There are always some exceptions to the sound shift. Two of the most common exceptions are, for example, so they are pronounced as instead of and instead of.
When there are two final consonants and the next letter is not a circle, only one of them is pronounced. These are the double consonant combinations, and in all but two of them the first letter is read. An easy way to remember these two is to memorize a word for each for example try to memorize and remember these two words a bit earlier we said that when there are two final consonants in a block only one of them is pronounced or a final consonant is not always pronounced as it should but when the next block starts with a circle the pronunciation of the second consonant moves to the next block and both letters are read normally. Plural. To make a noun plural, simply add after the noun.
For example, 차 들 책 책들 새 새들 Korean Speech Levels There are 7 speech levels in Korean, and each level has its own unique set of verb endings, which are used to indicate the level of formality of a situation. You don't have to worry about the speech levels since some speech levels are rarely used. The most common ones are formal, polite, and the informal level. In this video, we will use the polite form since it's the most common form and can easily be turned into the informal form. Pronouns.
These are the subject pronouns in Korean. Note, pronouns are often omitted in daily conversations, especially the second person pronouns. Possession.
You can add After a noun or a pronoun to express position. For example, Adjective All verbs and adjectives in Korean language end with 다 For example 먹다 화나다 기쁘다 Adjectives in Korean can act like both verbs and adjectives. If you use it with a noun or to describe a noun, we conjugate it as an adjective. 기쁜 얼굴 But when we say 기뻐요 is conjugated as a verb.
So first, we will talk about conjugating adjectives to use them with nouns. To get the verb stem, we first need to remove the 다 at the end of the verb or adjective. If the stem ended with a vowel, we add 느 기쁘다 기쁜 기쁜 얼굴 환하다 환한 환한 표정 슬프다 슬픈, 슬픈 영화 Adjectives that end with 하다 also become 한 행복하다, 행복한, 행복한 사람 피곤하다, 피곤한, 피곤한 남자 똑똑하다, 똑똑한, 똑똑한 여자 If the last letter is a consonant, we add 은 For example 짧다 짧은 짧은 다리 좁다 좁은 좁은 방 높다 높은 산 Some adjectives end with 있다 없다 For these adjectives, remove the 다 An adda For example 재미있다 재미있는 재미있는 책 재미없다 재미없는 재미없는 영화 맛있다 맛있는 맛있는 과일 There are also irregular adjectives. The irregular adjectives end with a 부 letter. For example 시끄럽다 For these adjectives, remove the 다 and add 은 시끄럽다 시끄러운 시끄러운 소리 뜨겁다 뜨거운 뜨거운 커피 귀엽다 귀여운 귀여운 강아지 And, to connect two nouns with and, we can use either If the first noun ends with a vowel, we use For example If the first noun ends with a consonant, we use Example 빵과 물, 낮과 밤, 삶과 죽음 Exercise.
Use either 와 or 과 to connect the two nouns. And finally, 하고 can be used with both consonant and vowels. For example, 물하고 버터, 개하고 소 To conjugate a verb or an adjective, we need the stem plus 아요, 어요, 해요 If the last vowel is 아, 오 we use 아요 In order to conjugate a verb or an adjective correctly, it's important to know the last vowel of the stem.
Take a look at the following two stems. Although both of them end with the same vowel, one of them ends with a consonant and one of them ends with a vowel. So when we conjugate verbs and adjectives, first we need to look at the last vowel, then whether it ends with a vowel or a consonant. The following stems end with a vowel, so we know that we need to use ayo.
Next. We check if the stem ends with a consonant or a vowel. If the stem ends with a consonant, we simply add. But if the stem ends with a vowel, we either add only or we combine the two vowels.. If the last vowel is. 마셔요 If the verb or the adjective ended with 하다 we simply change it to 해요 For example 공부하다 공부해요 말하다 말해요 똑똑하다 똑똑해요 Exercise See if you can use the correct suffix to conjugate the following verbs and adjectives.
Irregulars Some of the most commonly used verbs and adjectives in Korean language are irregular, so it's important to remember them in order to conjugate them correctly. 예쁘다, 예뻐요, 바쁘다, 바빠요, 기쁘다, 기뻐요 Past tense is conjugated exactly the same way as a present tense. But the only difference is, instead of using 아요, 어요, 해요, we use 왔어요, 왔어요, 했어요, 아 오 왔어요 달다 달았어요 오다 왔어요 어 우 으 이었어요 넓다 넓었어요 주다 줬어요 마시다 마셨어요 하다 했어요 공부하다 공부했어요 요리하다 요리했어요 노래하다 노래했어요 Subject Marker Particle The subject is a person or thing doing something. The subject particle is put after the subject of a sentence. is used after a consonant, and 가 is used after a vowel.
Homin eats bread. Sujin watches a movie. Yukha works out.
Topic Marker Particle The topic or theme of a sentence is what is being talked about. The topic particles are 은 는 They are put after the topic of a sentence. when you're counting days, counting years, counting money or talking about money and also phone numbers and the native Korean numbers are used when we are counting things counting people, animals, objects and when we are counting things we need to use the measure words there are many measure words in Korean but here are some of the most useful ones Counter words are used this way.
First, the thing that is counted, then the number, how many, and the counter word. Example, There are also places when both systems are used together. For example, when we talk about the time, as in what time is it, we have to use both systems together.
For the hour, We use the native Korean system and for the minute we have to use the Sino-Korean system Both systems can be used to count month in Korean but with different counter words Is based on Chinese characters so we use the Sino-Korean numbers Is native Korean word so we use the native Korean numbers. Example 1개월, 1달, 2개월, 2달, 3개월, 3달 There are two words for the number 0. 0, 0 And both words are of Chinese origin. You can use the first one for all the circumstances, except when you are saying a phone number. In that case, just use the second one. 010 By now, you should have an idea.
how the Korean language works and how suffixes are added. Before we end the video, we will shortly show three more important and easy suffixes to learn. Thank you for watching the video and subscribe to our Glossika channel to see more videos like this. Also, please tell us in the comment section what language do you want to see next.