Understanding Medical Terminology Fundamentals

Feb 9, 2025

Language of Medicine: Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals

Introduction

  • Medical terminology similar to learning a new language
  • Can be challenging especially for beginners
  • Requires memorization; consider using flashcards

Goals for Chapter 1

  • Identify basic objectives for studying medical language
  • Divide medical words into component parts
  • Learn meanings of combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes
  • Use components to build medical words

Importance of Medical Terminology

  • Understanding can be life-saving
  • Enables effective communication with patients
  • Key to becoming a good healthcare professional

Basic Word Structure

Components of Medical Terms

  • Suffixes: End of the term
  • Prefixes: Beginning of the term
  • Combining Forms: Joining word root with a combining vowel

Key Elements

  • Root: Foundation of the word
  • Combining Vowel: Links parts, usually "O"
  • Combining Form: Root + Combining Vowel

Example Terms

  • Hematology
    • Root "hema" (blood)
    • Suffix "logy" (study)
    • Means "study of blood"
  • Electrocardiogram
    • "Electro" (electricity), "cardio" (heart), "gram" (record)
    • Means "record the electricity of the heart"
  • Gastritis
    • Root "gastro" (stomach)
    • Suffix "itis" (inflammation)
    • Means "inflammation of the stomach"

Rules for Understanding Medical Terms

  1. Read from suffix back to the beginning
  2. Drop combining vowel before a suffix that starts with a vowel
  3. Keep combining vowel between roots

Example of Prefix Usage

  • Hypogastric
    • "Hypo" (below), "gastro" (stomach), "ic" (pertaining to)
    • Means "pertaining to below the stomach"

Common Combining Forms

  • Adeno: Gland
  • Arthro: Joint
  • Bio: Life
  • Carcino: Cancerous
  • Cardio: Heart

Important Suffixes

  • -algia: Pain
  • -ectomy: Excision or removal
  • -itis: Inflammation
  • -logy: Process of study
  • -oma: Tumor

Common Prefixes

  • Hyper: Above, excessive
  • Hypo: Below, deficient
  • Sub: Below
  • Trans: Across or through

Conclusion

  • Practice regularly and use flashcards
  • Understanding prefixes, roots, and suffixes helps in deciphering medical terminology

Create flashcards for practice and ensure understanding of these elements to aid in long-term retention and application in a healthcare setting.