Notes on Solution

What is a Solution?

• A solution is a homogeneous mixture.
• It has no different layers.

Main Components

• A solution mainly consists of two components:
  • Solvent
  • Solute

Definition of Solvent and Solute

• Solvent: There is only one solvent in a solution.
• Solute: There can be one or more solutes.

Examples

• In tea, milk is the solvent and sugar is the solute.
• In a saltwater solution, salt is the solute.

Density and Concentration

• The amount of solute in a solution is expressed by concentration.
• Concentration is represented by molarity.

Molarity Formula

• Molarity (M) = Moles of Solute / Volume of Solution (in liters)

Importance of Solvent and Solute

• The solute is the active part of the reaction.
• The solvent only provides a medium for the reaction.

Vapor Pressure

• Vapor pressure is produced from a liquid in a saturated state at a given time.
• Every liquid has a definite vapor pressure at a specific temperature.

Raoult's Law

• Raoult’s law states that the total pressure of a mixture is proportional to the mole fraction of its components.
• P_total = PA0 * XA + PB0 * XB

Colligative Properties

• Colligative properties depend only on the quantity of dissolved substance.

Examples

• Elevation in Boiling Point
  • ΔTB = KB * m
• Depression in Freezing Point
  • ΔTF = KF * m
• Osmotic Pressure
  • π = CRT

Conclusion

• The study of solutions is important as it is essential for chemical reactions.
• Each solution has different properties which depend on their structure and composition.

Study Suggestions

• Study the properties of different types of solutions.
• Understand the application of Raoult's and Henry's laws.
• Focus on colligative properties.

Important Points

• Colligative properties depend only on the amount of solute, not its type.

Attention will be given to practice questions in the next class.

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