Overview
This lecture covers how metals react with acids, the general and word equations for these reactions, the naming of salts, and examples of predicting reaction products.
Reaction of Metals with Acids
- When metals react with acids, gas is released, indicating a chemical reaction.
- Example: Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid, producing fizzing and hydrogen gas.
General and Word Equations
- Word equation for magnesium and hydrochloric acid: magnesium + hydrochloric acid → magnesium chloride + hydrogen.
- General equation: metal + acid → salt + hydrogen.
- “MASH” is a memory trigger: Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen.
Naming Salts from Acid Reactions
- Hydrochloric acid produces chloride salts.
- Sulfuric acid produces sulfate salts.
- Nitric acid produces nitrate salts.
- The metal from the reactant forms the first part of the salt’s name.
Examples of Reactions
- Calcium + hydrochloric acid → calcium chloride + hydrogen.
- Magnesium + sulfuric acid → magnesium sulfate + hydrogen.
- Copper + nitric acid → copper nitrate + hydrogen.
- Magnesium + nitric acid → magnesium nitrate + hydrogen.
- Copper + hydrochloric acid → copper chloride + hydrogen.
- Zinc + sulfuric acid → zinc sulfate + hydrogen.
- Magnesium + sulfuric acid and iron + nitric acid are reactants for magnesium sulfate + hydrogen and iron nitrate + hydrogen, respectively.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Metal — Element that reacts with acids to form salts and hydrogen gas.
- Acid — Substance that reacts with metals to produce salts; common acids include hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acids.
- Salt — Compound formed from the metal and acid reaction; name depends on the acid.
- Hydrogen Gas — Gas released during the reaction.
- Word Equation — Chemical reaction described using words (e.g., metal + acid → salt + hydrogen).
- General Equation — A formula showing the overall pattern of metal-acid reactions.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Memorize the general equation: metal + acid → salt + hydrogen.
- Learn the types of salts formed from hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acids.
- Practice predicting the products of reactions using different metal and acid combinations.