Effects of Migration (1750-1900)

Introduction

• Discussion on the effects of significant migration during this period.
• Focus on three major effects: gender imbalance, creation of ethnic enclaves, and nativism.

Gender Imbalance in Home Societies

• Many migrants were men, leading to a gender imbalance.
  • Women taking on traditional male roles:
    • Subsistence farming: breaking ground, tending livestock.
  • Change in family structures:
    • Example: South Africa had 60% women-led households.
    • Women gained financial independence by selling excess food.
    • Notable saying: "What is man? I have my own money."

Creation of Ethnic Enclaves

• Ethnic enclaves: geographic areas with high concentration of the same ethnicity.
  • Preservation of migrant culture:
    • Native languages, religions, and food.
    • Example: Hindu and Muslim Indians in Malaysia.
  • Cultural diffusion in receiving societies:
    • Example: Irish in US cities spread Catholicism.
    • Example: Chinese in Southeast Asia became important in colonial economies.

Nativism

• Definition: Protecting native-born interests over immigrants'.
  • Ethnic and racial prejudice:
    • Example: Irish were marginalized in US.
    • Irish considered "lower race" despite being white in Europe.
  • Anti-immigrant policies:
    • Chinese Exclusion Act in the US:
      • Chinese vital in railroad construction but faced anti-Chinese riots.
      • Act banned almost all Chinese immigration.
    • White Australia policy:
      • Aimed to keep Australia British/white.
      • Cut off Asian immigration.

Conclusion

• End of unit lecture; additional resources for AP World History review and further topics in Unit 6 available.