AP Human Geography Comprehensive Review

Overview

• Purpose: To summarize all seven units of AP Human Geography for quick review before exams.
• Note: For more in-depth content, refer to individual topic review videos.
• Ultimate Review Packet: Covers all units, includes videos, study guides, quizzes, and practice tests.

Unit 1: Maps and Spatial Concepts

• Types of Maps:
  • Thematic Maps
  • Reference Maps
  • Map Projections (e.g., Mercator, distortion issues)
• Reading Maps: Analyze patterns, scales, and data types (qualitative vs. quantitative).
• GIS (Geographic Information Systems): Layering data to analyze spatial relationships.
• Spatial Concepts:
  • Distance Decay
  • Sense of Place
  • Environmental Sustainability
• Regions:
  • Functional/Nodal Regions
  • Perceptual/Vernacular Regions
  • Formal/Uniform Regions

Unit 2: Population and Migration

• Population Distribution: Understanding where people live and why.
• Population Density:
  • Arithmetic Density
  • Physiological Density
  • Agricultural Density
• Demographic Transition Model: Stages of population growth and characteristics.
  • Stage 1: Low growth
  • Stage 2: High birth, falling death rates
  • Stage 3: Falling birth rates
  • Stage 4: Low birth and death rates
  • Stage 5 (debated): Deaths exceed births
• Migration:
  • Push and Pull Factors
  • Types of Migration: Forced vs. Voluntary
  • Impacts of migration on cultures

Unit 3: Culture

• Cultural Relativism vs. Ethnocentrism: Understanding cultures from their perspectives.
• Cultural Landscape: Physical expression of culture.
• Diffusion Types:
  • Relocation Diffusion
  • Expansion Diffusion (contagious, hierarchical, stimulus)
• Religions:
  • Universalizing vs. Ethnic Religions
• Language: Families, diffusion, and regional dialects.

Unit 4: Political Geography

• Nation vs. State: Differences in definitions and implications.
• Political Boundaries: Types include relic, antecedent, consequent, superimposed, and geometric boundaries.
• Political Power: Unit States vs. Federal States and concepts of self-determination.
• Colonialism and Imperialism: Historical impacts on political geography and boundaries.
• Gerrymandering: Redistricting practices affecting political power.

Unit 5: Agriculture and Rural Land Use

• Intensive vs. Extensive Agriculture: Definitions and examples.
• Settlement Patterns: Clustered, dispersed, and linear settlements.
• Agricultural Revolutions: Historical shifts in farming practices (Neolithic, Industrial, Green Revolution).
• Monocropping and Monoculture: Impacts on soil and sustainability.
• Women in Agriculture: Roles and challenges faced.

Unit 6: Urban Geography

• Site vs. Situation Factors: Unique characteristics of places vs. connections between places.
• Models of Urban Development:
  • Burgess Concentric Zone Model
  • Hoyt Sector Model
  • Multiple Nuclei Model
  • Galactic Model
• Density Gradient: Changes in population density and land use.
• Sustainability in Urban Growth: Challenges and strategies for sustainable cities.

Unit 7: Globalization and Economic Geography

• Formal vs. Informal Economy: Definitions and examples.
• Economic Sectors: Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and quinary sectors.
• Neoliberal Policies: Impact on global trade.
• Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth: Overview of development stages.
• World Systems Theory: Core, semi-periphery, and periphery dynamics.

Conclusion

• Encourage further study with available resources (review videos, Discord community, ultimate review packet).
• Good luck on your AP tests and final exams!