okay guys this is unit 7 endocrine so scrolling through here your objectives are listed here just like all your other outlines and then it just goes over the associated chapters in your textbook to refer to for further information so we're chapters basically 30-35 all right on to the lecture so um we're talking about the endocrine system and so pretty much for the most part you can be flipping back and forth between the powerpoint that came along with this that just has some graphics for you and the actual lecture so i'm going to flip back and forth as well these are just the different um glands and structures that actually make up the endocrine system we'll talk about more of these um individually but just kind of follow along i might not flip to every slide the pictures are there for you but i'll we'll talk about some of them alright so in regard to function so when we're looking at the endocrine system it controls and regulates metabolic functions so we're talking more about physiologic stability okay so it regulates growth chemical reactions we have glands that actually secrete hormones those hormones are carried to other sites or sites of actions is how we can think of that where they actually exert their effect on target cells we have hormones hormones are natural substances they can cause very highly specific physiological responses but these substances that are hormones are secreted by glands and so those substances have a physiological effect on cells and they're very receptor specific so their target sites all differ it's just dependent upon the actual hormone being excreted negative feedback system so the negative feedback system or you might hear said as loop system is where we have a production of one hormone and that is actually controlled by the level of a second hormone and it's controlled in such a way that it will actually reduce the output of the first hormone so i'm going to try and give you a graphic so hopefully you understand what i'm trying to attempt to tell you here okay so let's just say we have a gland okay we have a gland x okay and we also have a gland y right so gland x will actually secrete a hormone which is hormone x right here's all of these hormone x out here right so the secretion of this hormone x is basically now going to trigger gland y to release hormone y okay so i'm just kind of generalizing this you have an understanding of what this negative feedback is okay so the issue here is if we have too much of hormone y remember hormone y was initially triggered by the hormone from gland x right so let's just say hormone y is getting crazy right we have too much what happens is now let's do red here glenn x is recognizing that there's too much hormone y so therefore it's going to start decreasing the production of hormone x it's going to decrease these right decrease that production in order to reduce hormone y right so basically these hormones are feeding off of each other as far as what their action is right we have too much of y that was initially triggered by x gland x is going to stop the production of hormone x in order to decrease hormone y okay that's basically the purpose of that your textbook gives you a similar example i believe they do use like the whole gland x gland y um to help you understand better get this out of the way okay so pituitary gland so pituitary gland we have pituitary hormone control this is in chapter 30 page 474 and then endocrine system review by the way is in chapter 30 page 473 all right so our pituitary gland i'm just going to quickly um flip to the powerpoint just so you can see it really quick but you can follow along and check this out um it's basically showing you where it is here uh this is your pituitary gland this is a bigger picture of the pituitary gland so you have the anterior and posterior pituitary gland and then you just we're going to talk a little bit about the hormones but you're basically going to see all the different effects and hormones um that this particular glen excretes okay so pituitary hormone control so the majority of the body's hormones are released from the anterior and posterior pituitary gland and it's basically under the control of a hypothalamus so it was used to be thought that the pituitary gland um was the master gland that really controlled and regulated other endocrine glands but really we're now understanding that it's more the hypothalamus hypothalamus control the hypothalamus sits let's see if i have a graphic here there is our hypothalamus here okay our hypothalamus it sits between the cerebrum and the brain stem and it's above and behind the pituitary gland so a hypothalamus is important for regulating temperature fluid volume growth pain pleasure response and even hunger and thirst so let me flip back here our pituitary i'm sorry our hypothalamus with this control releases um inhibitory hormones that's from the anterior pituitary gland and it also controls the release of nerve signals from the posterior pituitary so our hypothalamus controls the release of those hormones that come from our pituitary gland so our anterior anterior pituitary we have releasing hormones and we actually have inhibiting hormones so i'm going to tell you for testing purposes i'm not going to make you memorize every single one of these hormones more so you're going to have to know and understand if we start speaking drug specific without particular drug effects so it may might affect a particular hormone that you would want to know because of that action of that drug but you don't have to go memorizing um a through f here okay so releasing hormones these are just hormones that are actually released from that anterior pituitary gland this is on page 474 box 30.1 in table 30.1 um however your book labels it i believe it's table 30.1 so if you look here as an example growth hormone right gh so that is a type of releasing hormone thyroid stimulating hormone you'll see it abbreviated as tsh prolactin that actually comes from the mammary glands so that's for ejection of milk or production of milk lactogenesis and breast growth so those are just some examples inhibiting hormones with inhibiting hormones we have what's called somatostatin um so that actually affects growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone which is your gh and tsh so this inhibits the release of growth hormone and tsh or thyroid stimulating hormone and then you have dopamine that's produced in the hypothalamus and it has an effect or inhibits prolactin from that pituitary gland so again in this area not something you really have to memorize just you have a basic understanding and when we start speaking about specific drugs um you can kind of go from there as far as what you really need to know and understand posterior pituitary our posterior pituitary is basically controls antidiuretic hormone that's adh that's actually produced in the hypothalamus and it's stored in the posterior pituitary gland and then remember adh is what's responsible for increasing water absorption concentrating urine causes very potent vasoconstriction and basically it's helping to act to maintain blood pressure and then oxytocin oxytocin targets mammary glands it also stimulates the injection of milk and the contraction of the uterus because it is a smooth muscle so our pregnant mommies who are trying to deliver um we might administer oxytocin to help that smooth muscle contract so we can better deliver baby all right now we