Overview of Reservoir Modeling Webinar

hi everyone welcome to our webinar so our modeling workflow i am abdullah business developer into reservoir solutions coming first of all we will start with five minutes presentation about first of all solutions and then mr muhammad will start our webinar for today so for us of our solutions support solutions is a company specialized in providing technical studies and courses for oil and gas companies and professionals the company incorporates many professionals with diverse technical background related to oil and gas exploration and production our services includes technical reservoir studies field development planning reservoir static and dynamic modeling economic feasibility studies technical support for academic researchers like phd and master degrees also we are assisting in writing technical papers and publishing also we are providing technical victorian courses by industry experts and we also provide mentorship programs just we wanted to announce our next course which is static and dynamic reservoir modeling which will start on 25 on july that will last for two weeks and it will be a practical course for the course content the course will be two weeks and by attending this course you will enjoy lifetime access to the recorded decisions so you don't that you you won't worry about the timing of decisions even after the course you can have access to the recorded decisions also you will enjoy application data sets application-based workshop the course material will be provided we will have two days project at the end of the course to confirm full understanding you will have open discussion with instructors during and also after the course also at the end of the course you will have a certificate with online identification id on our website by the end of the course you will be able to do a correlation upscale with looks visualize seismic outputs do structure modelling faulties and surfaces do facial modelling and distribute retro physical properties calculate volumetric oil and players aesthetic geologic modeling qc upscale fine grids to simulation course with incorporate pvt and scalp data insemination model learn well placement and design techniques learn history matching principles new world optimization and to field development planning and and the end you will also be able to do uncertainty and sensitivity studies for volumetric and simulation studies for the course content i will provide a link to view the details of the course content for our webinar today reservoir modeling workflow the instructor is engineer muhammad amin engineer mohammad amin is a senior award engineer at general auditorium company in egypt he has more than nine years of experience into asset evaluation reserve characterization and simulation he participated in and recently managed many successful field development plans in green and brown field list within offshore gulf of sewage muhammad has a correlation that holds his name in field of reservoir fully with flow modeling he holds factor and master degrees in victoria engineering from service university in egypt he has many publications into several journals and conferences like mdm igrte and the ancient the way there are rules kindly if you have any questions you can ask them into the dream chat also mute your microphone and camera in case that you want to have a certificate for attendance for this webinar you should fill into the forum that will be sent at the end of that webinar into the zoom shaft for upcoming webinars and courses you can join our telegram channel and follow our linking in profile also you can contact us via meal mail and file or lesson also uh i wanted to remind you that if you wanted to enroll into that coming course actually we have three seats now so if you want to catch one of three seats you can involve into the force through the link that will be sent into the zone check thank you all and in the new muhammad you can start thank you sorry for the delay just uh i was adapting my pc so assalamu alaikum welcome everyone to our webinar reservoir modeling workflow our agenda for today we will talk about the acceleration and the production of stream life life cycle also we will speak about it we will talk about the reservoir modeling importance and the cases at which we should use reservoir modeling then we will speak about it we will talk about the main the main topic of our webinar which is the rest of our modeling workflow for static and also dynamic models first of all just to know that it does cycle for the production the cycle for blackshare for any field we start by the exploration first of all we should evaluate our our field our reservoir by drilling and also we have initial seismic data depending on the seismic data we will decide to have acceleration will okay and we will have other ways to delineate and further accelerate our field then we install the production facility then start the production then at the end at the end or at a decline decline of the production and before the decline of the production we have some bilateral at which we conserve our production at certain limit then when the decline when the decline occurs so we will start to have secondary recovery application like water injection or gas injection then at the end we will have you are a stage then we will abandon our field okay so so through the cycle of expression and production we acquire some data we acquire some data so initially we have seismic data and also from the acceleration drilling we will have further data with our reservoir okay then appraisal drilling also we will have and again we will gain also some additional information about reservoir and that will help us into the development studies and optimization of the development for our reservoir okay just just i want you to know that that during the cycle of that production we acquire some data depending on the knowledge of uh depending on our knowledge about our reservoir we can go we can go for reservoir modeling and also the accuracy for reservoir modeling will be higher and higher during or with the further development activities into the reservoir okay so when we should use rest of our modeling you should know that resolver modelling is a general thing okay usually we are calling reservoir modeling when we go to using some softwares like eclipse and battery okay but the reservoir modeling or the modeling in in general just to have mathematical modem and this mathematical model should represent a natural phenomenon for our example for our case into the oil and gas it's the oil and gas industry we have we have mathematical models like what like the decline curve analysis like the material balance like the reservoir simulation the numerical reservoir simulation done by betrayal and eclipse like the wilderness all of that are mathematical equations okay so modeling is just to have a mathematical representation by assuming a certain phenomenon that is the modeling okay so we have a general rule into our industry when you go to directory to reservoir simulation you should know that you will have additional cost to our your project and we should we should decrease the cost of production and acceleration into your reservoir okay so we shouldn't go directly to reservoir simulation or the numerical reservoir simulation okay you can use some traditional methods for uh for reservoir simulation or reservoir modeling okay like the decline curve analysis and the material balance and so on okay so so in case that that methods are not sufficient or are not providing some data that you need to further develop your reservoir so in that case you should go to reservoir simulation okay like what like is that you wanted to uh to convert between the flank water flooding to better water flooding okay in some cases in some cases we want to know the best locations for the water injection or the gas injection wells okay so in that case the material balance and the declining pair of analysis want to provide you by this piece of information the location to drill the nexus wells also in case that you have a breakthrough for the water uh and you wanted to know uh the location for the unswept oil also the the the material balance and also the well test or the decline curve analysis or any of the methods of the traditional reservoir modeling won't provide you by this piece of formation okay in general in case that you have high effect of capillary forces that in case that you have tight reservoirs or low permeability reservoirs or having high viscosity fluid like you have low ebi oil or in case that you wanted to ask a question or to have a certain piece of information about the location for wells the locations to uh to drill horizontal walls and so on so in that case you can go to reservoir modeling for the workflow that you should know that the reservoir modeling process is an integrated and integrated process okay so all the disciplines will be integrated into that process initiating from or starting from the geophysics the geophysics will tell us about the surfaces for the reservoir will tell us about the locations for the faulties okay will tell us about it uh will still will tell us about the boundary for the for the field and so on the geologists will do or will uh will will will do prediction for the fishes uh what is that the positional model for our reservoir is it uh minding each channel is it a delta fan uh or it's a carbonate so we have different depositional models for carbonate and so on for the bit through physics the metrophysicist uh first of all you should have the will looks interpretation okay then the vitro physics will integrate will integrate the uh will looks interpretation with the core data to have property modeling to have property model like construct a relation between the positive and the vulnerability or also doing the rock driving task directiving task usually is done by little physicist or the result for engineering then at the last after doing all the tasks by the gng team so the result of that work will be the static model will be the static model then this static model will be handled to the engineering or the simulation engineer so the simulation engineer will input some data like the bbt data and the scale data the production and the uh and their proposed worlds okay then first task of reservoir engineer of or the simulation engineer to queue is to qc the static model is to qc the static model then after qc in the static model he will import the dynamic data like pvt scale and start doing the history matching and the prediction okay let's go into details for the static model and also the dynamic mode okay so first of all we will speak about it we will talk about the static modeling the first step into the static model is the data preparation and interpolation we have some raw data like seismic uh we have seismic data and we have logs data so first of all you should prepare that that you will should have interpretation for the data before going to the model then using the seismic data and using the weld correlations you can go to the structural modeling then you can have the finishes modeling and the physical modeling depending on the core data and depending on the look interpretation okay the fascist modeling and the physical modeling is done or we have uh is underlying by uh or we can group uh the two of the two modeling steps into just one step that is called property modeling after doing the property modeling and distributing the positivity and the permeability into the model we will we wanted to know the oil in place or the racially or the original oil in place into our field and we wanted to calculate them okay but you should know that we have some uncertainty into the positivity and permeability and so on so we wanted to do also the uncertainty analysis then uh the last step before handling the static model to the simulation engineer it's the upscaling process okay so let's go into details first of all the uh for the first step into the static modeling workflow it's the data preparation and the interpretation likewise like the will looks interpretation we have some wheels that we're drilled into our field so we will interpret the wheel looks we will interpretation means we will calculate the positive we will calculate the saturation and in some cases we can also calculate the permeability for the seismic data we will do seismic interpretations seismic interpretations seismic interpretations means that the geophysicists will use the seismic data to interpret and debate the surfaces and the fold locations that into the field okay so we will know we will know the depths at which every well will penetrate the surface or will penetrate the reservoir by using the seismic interpretation then then we will identify the phases into every when so everywhere we have a log and in some cases we have poor data so by the integration of the codes and the well looks interpretation we can identify the fishes like we have a sand we have here courses in we have here terpenet we have chili sand and so on then we will do well correlation we will do well correlation what is the meaning of weight correlation will correlation that for example two to correlate this interval to this interval so if we have two words so it will say that this interval into the first world is the same as this zone into the second oil and similar to that soon into the third wheel okay so by will correlation you can track the zoom thickness for each wheel okay then uh also you can do direct timing direct driving is that you will identify you will identify the relation between the positive and vulnerability for for uh for certain for certain intervals into the cold world okay then you will populate that rock types into into the anchored interval and uncool winds okay so as you can see now we are dealing by will data just points we have points into the reservoir we have we know the positive this will we know the rook types at this will uh we know the surfaces we know the faces but we didn't until now we didn't integrate the data and we didn't do modeling a step we went we we didn't do modeling until now just we are preparing the data that we will be used into the modeling workflow the second step into the modeling workflow is the structural movement the structure model is to know the surfaces and to know on to to use the surfaces that was begged that were begged by the seismic interpretation and the fault is to have structural movement structure model the objective is a structural model it does to identify the building the building for your reservoir like to know that a surface the surface locations the top skeleton metastatin the basis of military and also defaulting the faulting locations okay the faulting location so you will use the seismic data to construct the building of the model the building or the structure of the model okay then you will identify or you will define you will define by using the surfaces that were baked by the seismic interpretation you will define the horizons you will define the horizons then the thickness between two horizons is called zones okay so as you can see we have two zones between three horizons then this zones will be subdivided two layers okay so each zone through h zone will be subdivided two layers and the zones are the thickness between two horizons so that for the structural modeling okay great so into the software we are starting by folding modeling y-fold modeling then we are trying to do x y grading x y grading is to uh is to divide the surface between the surface the surface between uh the the upper surface the darwin surface and doing x y grading that's called the pillar gradient okay if it's okay if it's okay okay we can go to skeleton building skeleton building building if the bellard grading is failed or we have some distortion into into building the x y grading so we go back to the fault modeling and adjust the voltage and see what is the room with our full tomorrow okay if the bellar grading is okay we can go to skeleton building then we will excuse me the skeleton we will use the skeleton in some cases we have distortion into the skeleton so in that case we will go to the velar grading and fault modelling to see what is wrong into the pillar grading and water molding if it's okay so we can go to the vertical grading okay so as you can see the structural modeling first first of all we are starting by fault modeling then x y grading then z grading okay or the vertical grading which is called layering which is called layering if it's okay if it's okay so we can go to create the 3d grid or the 3d model if not so we can go to again to default modeling and better grading to see what is wrong with the two process okay so that was for the structural movement the second the third step is the property modeling and we uh and we mentioned that the property modeling has two steps fascist and the petrophysical modeling for fascist modeling so you will integrate you will integrate the data from the core we have a core conventional core that was cut into into certain worlds so we will have that core data and identify the faces that we are having into that world well then refer prefer by well correlation every phase is into the core the wealth to the uncovered will okay so depending on the existing on certain pages into between the worlds so we can say okay agreed we can think that we have a certain depositional model for the reservoir like for example we have fishes types for the carbonate okay like shelf margin we have shelf lagoon and so on okay also for the classic we have the lacustrine we have the delta we have shelf and so on okay so so by using by using the faces from the wells from several wheels into the rest of into the uh into the area of our reservoir we can decide that the depositional model for this reservoir is delta fan or that the positional model for this reservoir is likely to be a channel and so on okay so that is the faces modeling so for the techniques to model the faces we have two techniques we have the deterministic and we have the stochastic get that you have dense data you have high number opens that were drilled into your reservoir so you can use that deterministic method you can use the deterministic method in case that you don't have this data you have just some wheels scattered into your field so in that case you can use a stochastic method stochastic means that you will use you will use some statistical algorithmic like sequential gaussian simulation like truncated gaussian simulation and so on to predict to predict the distribution of properties or distribution of fishes between two wells at which you know the fishes types into this world okay so that for the fish is modeling okay we're still into the property modeling as we mentioned that the property monitoring has two steps we have the fascist modeling and we have the physical modeling okay the second step into the probability modeling which is too physical retro physical usually usually we are distributing the positive and the machine the positive and the visual into a 3d model we calculate the positive or the effective positive from our well logs okay we have like five wheels we have penetrated our reservoir so using the triple combo or the logs that you are having into this world so you will calculate the pros okay into this worlds then by using the procedure into this wiz you will you you will distribute the velocity into the 3d model into the 3d model okay you will ask now about the permeability what about the permeability after distributing the faces into the into the 3d model you will also distribute the rock types you will also distribute the rock types so so depending on the distribution of the root files and the distribution for the positive you can have you can have you can have distribution for the permeability or calculate the permeability depending on the type of fructose for each cell and depending on the value of porosity in each cell okay also the same for that physical modeling we have deterministic and we have a stochastic deterministic mean that you will average the values between two wheels to have to have the value in into some point at which you're going to have any wins okay that is that deterministic for stochastic means that you will apply or you will use some statistical algorithms like gaussian simulation and so on to distribute to distribute the positive uh or distribute the v shale or distribute the situation or any or any kind of property that you wanted to distribute using the stochastic okay when to you deterministic and when to use the stochastic in case that you have dense data you have high number of wheels drilled into new field so you will use deterministic methods like raging and moving average in case that you don't have dense data you have just some width into your reservoir so you will use the stochastic methods okay okay great so now we did we did the structural modeling and we distributed the phases and we distributed the positivity and the permeability into our model okay now we want to calculate the oil in place we wanted to calculate the oil in place okay great first of all we want to see the uh equation for the original waiting place okay as you can see that is the parameters incorporated into the equation okay like we have the positive we have the water saturation we have also the thickness okay and we have the beta oh okay great so now we are talking about static mode okay so the f model we have the positive we have the probability and we have the seconds okay so let's ask a question let's ask a question here we know we know the probability at the well location but what about the positive into the locations into the location without any wealth we mentioned that we used some algorithms like stochastic or deterministic methods to know or to predict the positive at points at which we don't have anyone's to tell us the positive values at this locations okay so so we have some doubt we have some uncertainty into the porosity that we're distributing okay greed so so if we used if you use that equation if if use that distributed values for the positive for the positive uh into the positive for each cell into our reservoir model we will have just one value for the original win in place greed what if what if our prediction is wrong okay so so we do answer uh uncertainty analysis we have range for the process for the process we have arranged for the prediction of the project so depending on the range for this prediction of poverty we will have also arranged for prediction for the oil in place that is the idea of uncertainty analysis that you have some parameters and this parameters have certain range so depending on that you are having a range for every parameter so you will have arrange also for the result which is the oil in place okay so that is the uncertainty analysis in case of static model okay usually we are using it for the wheeling place for the oil in place calculation okay okay so for example for example how we can use how we can do the answer strategy analysis first of all you should under identify the parameters that greatly affecting the oil and place or the original gas in place okay like for example we have the oil water contact we have the porosity we have uh that distribution of water saturation and so on okay then this kind of analysis is called sensitivity analysis sensitivity analysis means to identify the factors the factors that greatly affect the result that you are analyzing okay okay greed then then you will assume range for this parameters and then calculate the oil in place then calculate will impress so at the end you will have you will have three cases we have minimum case you have made case of almost like a case and you will have the highest pace okay so in case of oil place you will report rather than just one value for the will in place you will report three values you will have the minimum will have the maximum and you will have the most likely value okay okay great so at this step we distributed uh the faces we distributed the positive we did the structural modeling and also we calculated the wheeling place and now we wanted to handle our uh our static model to the simulation engineer through the simulation engineer okay great but but into our model into our geological model we have high number of cells we will have high number of cells several millions of cells okay if the simulation engineer will use this static model this high resolution static model into the simulation or into eclipse software so it will require high time high time to run just one piece also also it will require high capabilities regarding to the pc okay okay agreed so in case that in case that you have you have limited resources for the bc capabilities and we have just limited time to run the simulation so we are doing the grid of scaling grid of scaling means that you are converting you are converting this high resolution geological model to a low resolution to low number of sales grades okay so you will average will average just for example you will average every four cells to represent just one cell into the simulation grid that will be used to run the simulation cases okay that is the grid of scaling okay let's ask some question or let's revise our service about the scale why upscaling of scaling is done because because or to reduce to reduce the number of cells into the geological model so that the simulation engineer penron can run this model into the his software or the eclipse software or with limited pc capabilities okay let's ask the second question so the upper scaling is a must know the upscaling is not must why because because nowadays we have high bc capabilities we have high pc capabilities and also in terms of software the software has also enhanced its capability to run smoothly the calculation for the numerical simulation okay so in case that you have high pc capabilities so you will run we will run high number of sales models also in low time okay so before doing the upscaling before doing our uh the upscaling you should ask yourself uh about the capabilities of your pc and the capabilities of the software okay so nowadays nowadays some companies are not doing the upscaling are not doing the scaling and use the same static model to run the dynamic simulation okay so now we finished the dynamic modeling workflow and now the simulation engineer or the static model was handled to the simulation engineer the first step that the simulation engineer will do is to qc the static model tqc the static model because if we have any mistakes or we have any uh any some uh something that should be modified and we didn't do this modifications so the static model this errors or these mistakes will affect the dynamic reservoir simulation okay the second step is to use the traditional simulation toolkits like the material balance like the will test like the decline curve analysis and so on to know just rough estimations about our reservoir to have a conceptual model to have a conceptual model we have conceptual model into the static model and to the static modeling we have the conceptual model for the depositional environment for our reservoir that is into the static mode also the simulation engineer should have conceptual model about his reservoir using using the traditional analytical methods like the material balance will test deploying cab finances and so on okay okay great then then we have some data that we require to run the dynamic simulation which are the bbt and the skeleton okay but as you know that the bbt and the scale data are done by the laboratories but but we can't use this raw data directly to the simulation okay so the simulation engineer will do some modification to the lab data before using it into the simulation for example for bbt he should do adjusting adjusting according to the production facilities for the field okay for the beta u and rs before using them into the simulation also for sketch scale data like relative permeability and the capability operation for rather permeability he is doing normalization and denormalization process and also for the capillary pressure he should do the normalization by the j function and the other method then after after that we are ready to run the history matching okay then after the history matching we should or we will use we will use the reservoir model the orders of our model now is ready to predict the production actually the production prediction is the main goal is the main goal for reservoir modeling okay then after production prediction we will do also uncertainty and optimization analysis okay so for static modeling we did the australity usually usually or mainly to the oil in place for for the dynamic we will do also uncertainty but but the selectivity in this case for the community production progress of what pressure and so on okay first of all our first step for the dynamic modeling workflow or in the static model qc the static model qc so some aspects for static mode qc like for the structural model is the structure modeling uh or are the grids are oriented into the direction of the flow or node for example we have two moles here we have injector and we have protrusion okay we have two cells orientations we have here and we have the cells are oriented into the direction of the flow when we inject water so the water will go into that direction okay okay what are what is the best to have to use this reservoir or this cell orientation or to use this orientation usually usually the structure model the structural model should consider that the cell orientation should be into the same flow direction to the same flow direction why because because if the cell orientation are is not the same as the flow uh direction so in that case it will it will lead to pushing additional additional flow or additional fluid toward these two the production wheels so as you can see that is the uh that is the uh the the blue for the north south reservoir model and here uh the red one for the aligned with the flow direction so as you can see for the northeast hours that not align with the flow direction we have we have higher slow or higher fluid production than the reality or then the action okay so you should consider or the static model should be you see it for example the cell orientation we have also we have also other aspects for example if the upscaled properties are upscaled properly to represent the same look interpretation resulted or not okay that also an aspect for the static model you see uh also after upscaling is there any difference into the oil in place between the upscaled model that will be used in simulation and the fine model that was created by the gng team is there any difference into the moor volume and the will in place okay so that also one aspect for the static model qc okay the second step for the dynamic modeling is to use the result is for the traditional reservoir engineering tools like material balance mechanical analysis and so on to see or to direct or to have conceptual model for our reservoir okay to compare between for example if the material balance is telling us that we have 100 100 million we'll barrel into our reservoir what is the result of phrasal verb moving it is the same or it is a bit higher which is or it's much higher okay so so we can compare into that cases okay so the traditional our e-tools can give us a rough estimation for the properties for our reservoir like in case of weld tests the wealthiest will tell you about the average permeability of your reservoir okay so you can compare between you can compare between the weltest permeability which representing the permeability around the well and the probability that were distributed that were distributed into the 3d model the average is the same at the weltest permeability or it's different okay so so as you can see the traditional retools will be very beneficial for reservoir moving also for bvt pvt and the skull data for example the actually the reservoir fluid pipe will direct us to use to use certain types or certain unconventional methods for reservoir simulation for example for example if you are having gas reservoir and we have black oil reservoirs okay the tourist of us have different methods for running the simulation for gas condensate reservoir we will use compositional simulation we will use e 300 software okay for the black wheel which having like abi of 24 or so on we will use the conventional black oil eclipse or e 100 okay so as you can see for the bvt for dvt will direct us to to the type of the simulation that you will use into running the dynamic simulation also you are you should do adjusting for the bbt data to adjust the beta o and the rs values according to the production filters facilities that you are having into the oil field for the scale data like the relative probability and the capillary pressure for directed permeability you should do normalization and denormalization the relative permeability will control will control the moving of different fluids okay so so depending on the value for the rather probability you will produce more oil or more gas or more water okay also the capillary pressure is very important into distributing the saturation into your reservoir model okay so also you should consider the importance and the accuracy for the capillary pressure into the dynamic modeling okay if we have several cavalry pressure curves from different plugs so you will do normalization to have just one care just one careful cabinet pressure that will represent all the rest of our cells in case that you wanted to have high resolution for the capillary pressure so you can use the day function also in case that you want to have more resolution you can do rock typing and for every type you will assign j function curve okay and so on then after after we qc after using the static model after using the traditional re tool that gave us a conceptual model about our reservoir that gave us the information of a connection for several faults for giving us a rough estimation for the winning place and so on after entering or emptying the pvt data and the scale data so now we are ready to go for the history mesh what is the history machine the history matching is there we have we have actual production from our feed okay and when you run simulation you will have a production from your reservoir model then we will compare between the simulated production and the actual production okay if they are matching okay so you can say it's okay and our reservoir model is accurate and we can use it into the prediction include that you have mismatching you have difference between the simulated and the actual production so you will go to modify your reservoir model you can modify the relative permeability you can modify the uh the leaking or the connection for the folds you can modify the wheels skin factors and so on okay until matching the actual production okay and we have two phases or three levels for history match we have pressure match we have saturation match and we have well productivity index matching for pressure match in that you wanted to match the average reservoir fluid you can modify the aquifer size you can modify the poor volume of the prodigy distribution you can modify the compressibility okay in case that you want to have to have regional pressure you want to have match for the original pressure for example if you have a certain pressure for each segment for your reservoir so you can use some factors or you can modify some factors and so on okay that is the pressure match level after after achieving match in terms of pressure you will go to the next level which is saturation match saturation match which is to match the production for each well and first to match the production from the field match the field production then merge every wheel production okay how we can do that by uh by manipulating the vertical permeability the shale barriers and the productivity for the wells and so on okay the third level which is the will productivity match okay in case of will productivity match you can modify the skin factor you can modify the permeability around the well you can modify uh the will productivity index and so on until matching every well production and every bottom hole flowing pressure for each sheet for each for each well okay for example for example if we have this case we have the water cut from uh from our from the simulated and from the actual watercolor okay as you can see you have nearly the same slope okay but the start of water production is different between the two worlds so so as we mentioned the retina permeability is the main controller for production several several phases okay or several floors so in that case you will say we want to modify the relative permeability to have match between the simulated and the actual watercolor if you have the same slope so the problem with the end points for the retina permeability okay if you have the same start by but different slopes so you have a problem into the the endpoints and you have the problem with the in the points and the query or the exponent exponent for the relative permeability yes okay okay so after achieving the history matching so the next step which is the main goal for reservoir modeling which is the production prediction and the field development and learning and the feed development plan what is the main goal for the field development planning in case that you wanted to compare you wanted to compare you have a a suggestion to apply water injection or gas injection okay so you will run simulation case or you will predict the production in case that you apply water injection and run another simulation case in case that you are applying gas injection run another simulation case you get that you drilled more wells they could then compare the production from the three cases okay the case with the highest production so again for example if the water injection achieved the highest production so you will see or you will propose that the water injection is the beast mechanism for developing our reservoir and so on okay that is for the production prediction and then also also as uh as we mentioned that we have also conservativity and sensitivity and optimization for the step the dynamic model like we did uncertainty analysis for the oil in place for the static model okay what is the difference between sensitivity uncertainty and optimization sensitivity is to define the factors or the parameters that greatly affect a certain parameter or a certain variable for example for example we have different we have different parameters like uh starting oil production like number of wheels like uh like the the wheel productivity index uh like the water injection rates and so on okay and you want to know which parameter that greatly affect the community production so that is the sensitivity analysis uncertainty analysis uncertainty analysis you will have some parameters like where we have for example we have two parameters that greatly affect the community production like the starting oil production and the water injection rate okay so we have a range for the starting oil production and the water injection and we want to know the effect of this this ranges for the oil starting oil production and the water injection rate on on the community of oil production okay so you will do the uncertainty analysis for optimization optimization in case that you are doing history matching the emoji optimization means means that you are you are automatic or you are doing assisted history matching or automatic history match okay you will give a certain range for the factors that should assist in doing the history matching to the software and the software will have try at the error will have many trials until achieving until achieving the s3 match optimization in case of prediction for example for water injection rates or water injection rates or or the number of wheels okay so the software will do several simulation runs with different number of words with different water injection rates then at the end the software will tell you the beast number of was the optimum number of ways and the optimum water injection rate okay for example as you can see we want to know uh we wanted to know the effect of the height of our reservoir the gas will contact the production rate and the injection bottom hole pressure we wanted to know the effect of the four parameters onto the oil or the cumulative oil production so as you can see the factor that greatly effect or most effect effective on the oil commutative oil production and the thickness of the reservoir then the gas will contribute but the production rate and the injection bottom hole pressure has minor having minor effect on the commutative wheel production okay that is uh for some uh case okay for the answer an example for the uncertainty analysis you wanted to have you have a positive range like from 18 to 25 and in water oil water contact we have that with that from the oil water contact depth is ranging from 2 000 to 2100 and we wanted to know the uncertainty the uh the effect of uncertainty into uh in oil water contact and the porosity on the resulted oil in place or the community oil production okay that is one example the other example that we have associated into the reservoir properties this water permeability reserve permeability care skin drilling error and we want to know that uncertainty on the well rate on the will rate for optimization as we as we mentioned that the simulation we have in this case as you can see we want to know which optimum injection rate to have the highest oil rate so as you can see we have 10 cases and for each case we have a different injection rate and we have field production right so at the end we will select that case that having the highest or the optimum cumulative oil production okay depending on the uh depending on the injection rates okay so in the end in the end them into the the the main point that you want to know about it that about that webinar that we have some steps for static modeling and we have some steps for the dynamic modeling for static modeling we have we will prepare our data and interpretation and do interpretation for the data that should be interpreted and then we will do structural modeling patience modeling physical modeling and then do uncertainty analysis to calculate the oil in place then do up scaling and then handle the static model to the simulation engineer the simulation engineer first step that he will do is to qc the static model using the traditional reservoir engineering tools to have conception model about his reservoir then enter bbt and scale data then do the history matching then after achieving history matching he will do production prediction and do uncertainty and optimization here for the field development plan okay so that was the end for the webinar and i will be more than happy to have uh some question about the webinar okay if you have any question please drop it into the zoom chat uh we have a question here uh when we will use streamlines streamlines actually uh it will tell you about the direction of the flow okay so so we can we can the simulation engineer can use the streamlines streamline simulation to identify the direction of the flow okay and the compare between the direction of the flow and the cell orientation okay the cellular cell orientation into the static movement if it's okay and it's matching so we can say okay the static model the cell orientation is is perfect or is optimum and get that we have high difference so we can do re or modification to the cell orientation okay and the last slide our choice depending on the cost function also or only the injection here into the last slide as you can see that we have we have here the field production rate i think that in that case the software selected selected the optimum injection rate and the optimum field production rate that will lead in the end to the highest community of oil production okay [Music] are what is the difference between classical workflow and modeling workflow i think that you are you are talking about the traditional tools traditional tools like the material balance like they will test drawing curve and so on okay the modeling like when we have a 3d model for our reservoir okay so the 3d model will tell us or will incorporate additional complexity and additional resolution that will lead into the into high accuracy for the results the qc for the upskilled data for the upscale data you should compare between you should you can compare between the well log the wheel logs and the upscaled value if they are near to each other so it's okay and we can say that the upscaling is uh okay but if we have high difference so in that case you should do or you should uh repeat the ob scheme how can we reduce uncertainty into static models by two steps the first step is to integrate is to integrate many sources of data like in some cases in some cases into modeling the property we are using the seismic data okay the seismic data would be a secondary factor into distributing capacity so it will lead to more more certainty into the project okay uh that is the first step is to integrate several sources of data okay the second step is to have more data for example if you are using just dialogue interpretation without poor data so into the nexus 12 you are recommending you should recommend to have poor to have poor data for routine core analysis and also for special poor analysis uh first why using nt while using mr salah i didn't understand your question why are models important to geologists actually the models are important to uh to to to the grg stuff and also for the re because the geologist will recommend the next tools that will be drilled depending on his model depending on the rest of our model so if you don't have any model so you don't have any prediction for the new ones okay how to model the aquifer or its parameter are aggressed into history matching step the aquifer we have to make two types of aquifer into simulation we have numerical and we have another okay usually we are used analytical aquifers like that using the models for culture tracy like the other analytical methods or other analytical methods to model the aquifer okay that is that usually that we are using into simulating the aquaphor just to locate the aquifer then use analytical method to represent the aquifer response okay the other method is to have numerical aquifer like to represent the aquifer by certain number of cells and incorporate it into the simulation what is the difference between forward and inverse modeling the forward the modeling mean that means that you have a problem and you are solving it okay you are try to find its solution but actually actually into history matching its inverse it's inverse process and versa process that you are having the solution you are having the production and you are trying to get or to guess the properties for your reservoir okay that is why we are calling the history matching as inverse process [Music] uh anyone that wanted to connect me on linkedin it's no problem sha allah okay why using normalized pc or letter primarily instead using for each curve actually for cavalier pressure and relative permeability we have many blocks and each blogs each blog have its own retirement permiability and its own capillary pressure okay and and we want to have one relative permeability for all the reservoir model and one capillary pressure here for all the reservoir model okay that is the objective of normalization for curb pressure and reticle permeability but actually nowadays we can we can have a capillary pressure curve and relative primarily for each zone for each cell but but it will lead to higher time into running simulation okay so you have the two options we have another question what is the accurate data will look or core symbols and what is the very cost process between them what it which uh i think that you are asking about the accuracy uh okay so for core symbols as you know that the core symbols you should correct the core symbol results is regarding to the pressure and relative to the clay content and so on okay so the more accuracy in terms of for example for the uh for the velocity okay you have a positive from the well log and we have the positive from the core sample okay the core sample processing should be corrected to the pressure to compare between the well log property and the core processing also you should keep seeing the core or reaching core analysis or the the core blocks after drawing and cleaning the process okay because the drying and the cleaning the process can lead to losing some clay minerals and losing some clay mirrors will lead to additional positive okay so so in that case the positive from the core symbol want to be won't be representative to the reservoir and you will have a difference between the will look and the positive okay that is in terms of positive okay we have also the water structure the water saturation that is coming from the well log you will ask about the parameters that were used into the arch equation okay the parameters that uh that to compare between the water saturation coming from the well logs and coming from the core samples you should first you should first correct uh correct the uh constant into the arch equation that will be used to calculate the water saturation okay so we have many measurements for the cool samples and we have uh that should be compared but you should consider the conditions at which we measured that that experience not using upscaling because of scaling distorts the final uh there anyway not using upscaling yes i mentioned that and get that you are having uh high vc capabilities okay that can run your model so you shouldn't do the upscaling okay [Music] it is possible to build the model without core data and uncertainty of long data can be handled into the history matching step yes you can do you can do you can do model without it but it will have higher uncertainty okay uh is any is there any difference between cooling and loading cooling is to get a course logging is to run a logging tool into you will alter thank the model thank you model that is the material balance question calculations what what is other using then distribute the situation relative permeability is used is used to simulate the flow of different fluids at the same time like that you are having oil and water okay the retina permeability will determine the percent for the oil production and the water production capillary pressure is used to distribute the saturation okay without seismic data all this modeling will be able to be made i think no or we will in that case we will have very very high uncertainty without cosmic data just to to have to use the will tops to to create surfaces i think it will have it will have a high uncertainty [Music] i think that anyone have any other questions okay i think that we we we finished our uh our webinar uh someone asking about the last slide okay as you can see here as you can see here uh i think that we have tai boo here which uh in into optimization we want to we we are having two parameters we are having the q injection or the water injection rate and the field production starting rate okay and we wanted to optimize the two parameters to achieve the highest community of oil production okay the highest community of oil production okay i think this row is representing the community of oil production so so if the starting rate for the production is about 80 80 000 and that is the water injection rate so it will lead to the highest commutative oil production okay okay so we are optimizing the water injection and the production rate okay to achieve the highest community of oil production not uh as i typed here highest oil rate okay i think uh it's cleared now [Music] anyone has any question okay so i finished today and thank you all and hope to see you into nikest webinar and shower you

hi everyone welcome to our webinar so our modeling workflow i am abdullah business developer into reservoir solutions coming first of all we will start with five minutes presentation about first of all solutions and then mr muhammad will start our webinar for today so for us of our solutions support solutions is a company specialized in providing technical studies and courses for oil and gas companies and professionals the company incorporates many professionals with diverse technical background related to oil and gas exploration and production our services includes technical reservoir studies field development planning reservoir static and dynamic modeling economic feasibility studies technical support for academic researchers like phd and master degrees also we are assisting in writing technical papers and publishing also we are providing technical victorian courses by industry experts and we also provide mentorship programs just we wanted to announce our next course which is static and dynamic reservoir modeling which will start on 25 on july that will last for two weeks and it will be a practical course for the course content the course will be two weeks and by attending this course you will enjoy lifetime access to the recorded decisions so you don&#39;t that you you won&#39;t worry about the timing of decisions even after the course you can have access to the recorded decisions also you will enjoy application data sets application-based workshop the course material will be provided we will have two days project at the end of the course to confirm full understanding you will have open discussion with instructors during and also after the course also at the end of the course you will have a certificate with online identification id on our website by the end of the course you will be able to do a correlation upscale with looks visualize seismic outputs do structure modelling faulties and surfaces do facial modelling and distribute retro physical properties calculate volumetric oil and players aesthetic geologic modeling qc upscale fine grids to simulation course with incorporate pvt and scalp data insemination model learn well placement and design techniques learn history matching principles new world optimization and to field development planning and and the end you will also be able to do uncertainty and sensitivity studies for volumetric and simulation studies for the course content i will provide a link to view the details of the course content for our webinar today reservoir modeling workflow the instructor is engineer muhammad amin engineer mohammad amin is a senior award engineer at general auditorium company in egypt he has more than nine years of experience into asset evaluation reserve characterization and simulation he participated in and recently managed many successful field development plans in green and brown field list within offshore gulf of sewage muhammad has a correlation that holds his name in field of reservoir fully with flow modeling he holds factor and master degrees in victoria engineering from service university in egypt he has many publications into several journals and conferences like mdm igrte and the ancient the way there are rules kindly if you have any questions you can ask them into the dream chat also mute your microphone and camera in case that you want to have a certificate for attendance for this webinar you should fill into the forum that will be sent at the end of that webinar into the zoom shaft for upcoming webinars and courses you can join our telegram channel and follow our linking in profile also you can contact us via meal mail and file or lesson also uh i wanted to remind you that if you wanted to enroll into that coming course actually we have three seats now so if you want to catch one of three seats you can involve into the force through the link that will be sent into the zone check thank you all and in the new muhammad you can start thank you sorry for the delay just uh i was adapting my pc so assalamu alaikum welcome everyone to our webinar reservoir modeling workflow our agenda for today we will talk about the acceleration and the production of stream life life cycle also we will speak about it we will talk about the reservoir modeling importance and the cases at which we should use reservoir modeling then we will speak about it we will talk about the main the main topic of our webinar which is the rest of our modeling workflow for static and also dynamic models first of all just to know that it does cycle for the production the cycle for blackshare for any field we start by the exploration first of all we should evaluate our our field our reservoir by drilling and also we have initial seismic data depending on the seismic data we will decide to have acceleration will okay and we will have other ways to delineate and further accelerate our field then we install the production facility then start the production then at the end at the end or at a decline decline of the production and before the decline of the production we have some bilateral at which we conserve our production at certain limit then when the decline when the decline occurs so we will start to have secondary recovery application like water injection or gas injection then at the end we will have you are a stage then we will abandon our field okay so so through the cycle of expression and production we acquire some data we acquire some data so initially we have seismic data and also from the acceleration drilling we will have further data with our reservoir okay then appraisal drilling also we will have and again we will gain also some additional information about reservoir and that will help us into the development studies and optimization of the development for our reservoir okay just just i want you to know that that during the cycle of that production we acquire some data depending on the knowledge of uh depending on our knowledge about our reservoir we can go we can go for reservoir modeling and also the accuracy for reservoir modeling will be higher and higher during or with the further development activities into the reservoir okay so when we should use rest of our modeling you should know that resolver modelling is a general thing okay usually we are calling reservoir modeling when we go to using some softwares like eclipse and battery okay but the reservoir modeling or the modeling in in general just to have mathematical modem and this mathematical model should represent a natural phenomenon for our example for our case into the oil and gas it&#39;s the oil and gas industry we have we have mathematical models like what like the decline curve analysis like the material balance like the reservoir simulation the numerical reservoir simulation done by betrayal and eclipse like the wilderness all of that are mathematical equations okay so modeling is just to have a mathematical representation by assuming a certain phenomenon that is the modeling okay so we have a general rule into our industry when you go to directory to reservoir simulation you should know that you will have additional cost to our your project and we should we should decrease the cost of production and acceleration into your reservoir okay so we shouldn&#39;t go directly to reservoir simulation or the numerical reservoir simulation okay you can use some traditional methods for uh for reservoir simulation or reservoir modeling okay like the decline curve analysis and the material balance and so on okay so so in case that that methods are not sufficient or are not providing some data that you need to further develop your reservoir so in that case you should go to reservoir simulation okay like what like is that you wanted to uh to convert between the flank water flooding to better water flooding okay in some cases in some cases we want to know the best locations for the water injection or the gas injection wells okay so in that case the material balance and the declining pair of analysis want to provide you by this piece of information the location to drill the nexus wells also in case that you have a breakthrough for the water uh and you wanted to know uh the location for the unswept oil also the the the material balance and also the well test or the decline curve analysis or any of the methods of the traditional reservoir modeling won&#39;t provide you by this piece of formation okay in general in case that you have high effect of capillary forces that in case that you have tight reservoirs or low permeability reservoirs or having high viscosity fluid like you have low ebi oil or in case that you wanted to ask a question or to have a certain piece of information about the location for wells the locations to uh to drill horizontal walls and so on so in that case you can go to reservoir modeling for the workflow that you should know that the reservoir modeling process is an integrated and integrated process okay so all the disciplines will be integrated into that process initiating from or starting from the geophysics the geophysics will tell us about the surfaces for the reservoir will tell us about the locations for the faulties okay will tell us about it uh will still will tell us about the boundary for the for the field and so on the geologists will do or will uh will will will do prediction for the fishes uh what is that the positional model for our reservoir is it uh minding each channel is it a delta fan uh or it&#39;s a carbonate so we have different depositional models for carbonate and so on for the bit through physics the metrophysicist uh first of all you should have the will looks interpretation okay then the vitro physics will integrate will integrate the uh will looks interpretation with the core data to have property modeling to have property model like construct a relation between the positive and the vulnerability or also doing the rock driving task directiving task usually is done by little physicist or the result for engineering then at the last after doing all the tasks by the gng team so the result of that work will be the static model will be the static model then this static model will be handled to the engineering or the simulation engineer so the simulation engineer will input some data like the bbt data and the scale data the production and the uh and their proposed worlds okay then first task of reservoir engineer of or the simulation engineer to queue is to qc the static model is to qc the static model then after qc in the static model he will import the dynamic data like pvt scale and start doing the history matching and the prediction okay let&#39;s go into details for the static model and also the dynamic mode okay so first of all we will speak about it we will talk about the static modeling the first step into the static model is the data preparation and interpolation we have some raw data like seismic uh we have seismic data and we have logs data so first of all you should prepare that that you will should have interpretation for the data before going to the model then using the seismic data and using the weld correlations you can go to the structural modeling then you can have the finishes modeling and the physical modeling depending on the core data and depending on the look interpretation okay the fascist modeling and the physical modeling is done or we have uh is underlying by uh or we can group uh the two of the two modeling steps into just one step that is called property modeling after doing the property modeling and distributing the positivity and the permeability into the model we will we wanted to know the oil in place or the racially or the original oil in place into our field and we wanted to calculate them okay but you should know that we have some uncertainty into the positivity and permeability and so on so we wanted to do also the uncertainty analysis then uh the last step before handling the static model to the simulation engineer it&#39;s the upscaling process okay so let&#39;s go into details first of all the uh for the first step into the static modeling workflow it&#39;s the data preparation and the interpretation likewise like the will looks interpretation we have some wheels that we&#39;re drilled into our field so we will interpret the wheel looks we will interpretation means we will calculate the positive we will calculate the saturation and in some cases we can also calculate the permeability for the seismic data we will do seismic interpretations seismic interpretations seismic interpretations means that the geophysicists will use the seismic data to interpret and debate the surfaces and the fold locations that into the field okay so we will know we will know the depths at which every well will penetrate the surface or will penetrate the reservoir by using the seismic interpretation then then we will identify the phases into every when so everywhere we have a log and in some cases we have poor data so by the integration of the codes and the well looks interpretation we can identify the fishes like we have a sand we have here courses in we have here terpenet we have chili sand and so on then we will do well correlation we will do well correlation what is the meaning of weight correlation will correlation that for example two to correlate this interval to this interval so if we have two words so it will say that this interval into the first world is the same as this zone into the second oil and similar to that soon into the third wheel okay so by will correlation you can track the zoom thickness for each wheel okay then uh also you can do direct timing direct driving is that you will identify you will identify the relation between the positive and vulnerability for for uh for certain for certain intervals into the cold world okay then you will populate that rock types into into the anchored interval and uncool winds okay so as you can see now we are dealing by will data just points we have points into the reservoir we have we know the positive this will we know the rook types at this will uh we know the surfaces we know the faces but we didn&#39;t until now we didn&#39;t integrate the data and we didn&#39;t do modeling a step we went we we didn&#39;t do modeling until now just we are preparing the data that we will be used into the modeling workflow the second step into the modeling workflow is the structural movement the structure model is to know the surfaces and to know on to to use the surfaces that was begged that were begged by the seismic interpretation and the fault is to have structural movement structure model the objective is a structural model it does to identify the building the building for your reservoir like to know that a surface the surface locations the top skeleton metastatin the basis of military and also defaulting the faulting locations okay the faulting location so you will use the seismic data to construct the building of the model the building or the structure of the model okay then you will identify or you will define you will define by using the surfaces that were baked by the seismic interpretation you will define the horizons you will define the horizons then the thickness between two horizons is called zones okay so as you can see we have two zones between three horizons then this zones will be subdivided two layers okay so each zone through h zone will be subdivided two layers and the zones are the thickness between two horizons so that for the structural modeling okay great so into the software we are starting by folding modeling y-fold modeling then we are trying to do x y grading x y grading is to uh is to divide the surface between the surface the surface between uh the the upper surface the darwin surface and doing x y grading that&#39;s called the pillar gradient okay if it&#39;s okay if it&#39;s okay okay we can go to skeleton building skeleton building building if the bellard grading is failed or we have some distortion into into building the x y grading so we go back to the fault modeling and adjust the voltage and see what is the room with our full tomorrow okay if the bellar grading is okay we can go to skeleton building then we will excuse me the skeleton we will use the skeleton in some cases we have distortion into the skeleton so in that case we will go to the velar grading and fault modelling to see what is wrong into the pillar grading and water molding if it&#39;s okay so we can go to the vertical grading okay so as you can see the structural modeling first first of all we are starting by fault modeling then x y grading then z grading okay or the vertical grading which is called layering which is called layering if it&#39;s okay if it&#39;s okay so we can go to create the 3d grid or the 3d model if not so we can go to again to default modeling and better grading to see what is wrong with the two process okay so that was for the structural movement the second the third step is the property modeling and we uh and we mentioned that the property modeling has two steps fascist and the petrophysical modeling for fascist modeling so you will integrate you will integrate the data from the core we have a core conventional core that was cut into into certain worlds so we will have that core data and identify the faces that we are having into that world well then refer prefer by well correlation every phase is into the core the wealth to the uncovered will okay so depending on the existing on certain pages into between the worlds so we can say okay agreed we can think that we have a certain depositional model for the reservoir like for example we have fishes types for the carbonate okay like shelf margin we have shelf lagoon and so on okay also for the classic we have the lacustrine we have the delta we have shelf and so on okay so so by using by using the faces from the wells from several wheels into the rest of into the uh into the area of our reservoir we can decide that the depositional model for this reservoir is delta fan or that the positional model for this reservoir is likely to be a channel and so on okay so that is the faces modeling so for the techniques to model the faces we have two techniques we have the deterministic and we have the stochastic get that you have dense data you have high number opens that were drilled into your reservoir so you can use that deterministic method you can use the deterministic method in case that you don&#39;t have this data you have just some wheels scattered into your field so in that case you can use a stochastic method stochastic means that you will use you will use some statistical algorithmic like sequential gaussian simulation like truncated gaussian simulation and so on to predict to predict the distribution of properties or distribution of fishes between two wells at which you know the fishes types into this world okay so that for the fish is modeling okay we&#39;re still into the property modeling as we mentioned that the property monitoring has two steps we have the fascist modeling and we have the physical modeling okay the second step into the probability modeling which is too physical retro physical usually usually we are distributing the positive and the machine the positive and the visual into a 3d model we calculate the positive or the effective positive from our well logs okay we have like five wheels we have penetrated our reservoir so using the triple combo or the logs that you are having into this world so you will calculate the pros okay into this worlds then by using the procedure into this wiz you will you you will distribute the velocity into the 3d model into the 3d model okay you will ask now about the permeability what about the permeability after distributing the faces into the into the 3d model you will also distribute the rock types you will also distribute the rock types so so depending on the distribution of the root files and the distribution for the positive you can have you can have you can have distribution for the permeability or calculate the permeability depending on the type of fructose for each cell and depending on the value of porosity in each cell okay also the same for that physical modeling we have deterministic and we have a stochastic deterministic mean that you will average the values between two wheels to have to have the value in into some point at which you&#39;re going to have any wins okay that is that deterministic for stochastic means that you will apply or you will use some statistical algorithms like gaussian simulation and so on to distribute to distribute the positive uh or distribute the v shale or distribute the situation or any or any kind of property that you wanted to distribute using the stochastic okay when to you deterministic and when to use the stochastic in case that you have dense data you have high number of wheels drilled into new field so you will use deterministic methods like raging and moving average in case that you don&#39;t have dense data you have just some width into your reservoir so you will use the stochastic methods okay okay great so now we did we did the structural modeling and we distributed the phases and we distributed the positivity and the permeability into our model okay now we want to calculate the oil in place we wanted to calculate the oil in place okay great first of all we want to see the uh equation for the original waiting place okay as you can see that is the parameters incorporated into the equation okay like we have the positive we have the water saturation we have also the thickness okay and we have the beta oh okay great so now we are talking about static mode okay so the f model we have the positive we have the probability and we have the seconds okay so let&#39;s ask a question let&#39;s ask a question here we know we know the probability at the well location but what about the positive into the locations into the location without any wealth we mentioned that we used some algorithms like stochastic or deterministic methods to know or to predict the positive at points at which we don&#39;t have anyone&#39;s to tell us the positive values at this locations okay so so we have some doubt we have some uncertainty into the porosity that we&#39;re distributing okay greed so so if we used if you use that equation if if use that distributed values for the positive for the positive uh into the positive for each cell into our reservoir model we will have just one value for the original win in place greed what if what if our prediction is wrong okay so so we do answer uh uncertainty analysis we have range for the process for the process we have arranged for the prediction of the project so depending on the range for this prediction of poverty we will have also arranged for prediction for the oil in place that is the idea of uncertainty analysis that you have some parameters and this parameters have certain range so depending on that you are having a range for every parameter so you will have arrange also for the result which is the oil in place okay so that is the uncertainty analysis in case of static model okay usually we are using it for the wheeling place for the oil in place calculation okay okay so for example for example how we can use how we can do the answer strategy analysis first of all you should under identify the parameters that greatly affecting the oil and place or the original gas in place okay like for example we have the oil water contact we have the porosity we have uh that distribution of water saturation and so on okay then this kind of analysis is called sensitivity analysis sensitivity analysis means to identify the factors the factors that greatly affect the result that you are analyzing okay okay greed then then you will assume range for this parameters and then calculate the oil in place then calculate will impress so at the end you will have you will have three cases we have minimum case you have made case of almost like a case and you will have the highest pace okay so in case of oil place you will report rather than just one value for the will in place you will report three values you will have the minimum will have the maximum and you will have the most likely value okay okay great so at this step we distributed uh the faces we distributed the positive we did the structural modeling and also we calculated the wheeling place and now we wanted to handle our uh our static model to the simulation engineer through the simulation engineer okay great but but into our model into our geological model we have high number of cells we will have high number of cells several millions of cells okay if the simulation engineer will use this static model this high resolution static model into the simulation or into eclipse software so it will require high time high time to run just one piece also also it will require high capabilities regarding to the pc okay okay agreed so in case that in case that you have you have limited resources for the bc capabilities and we have just limited time to run the simulation so we are doing the grid of scaling grid of scaling means that you are converting you are converting this high resolution geological model to a low resolution to low number of sales grades okay so you will average will average just for example you will average every four cells to represent just one cell into the simulation grid that will be used to run the simulation cases okay that is the grid of scaling okay let&#39;s ask some question or let&#39;s revise our service about the scale why upscaling of scaling is done because because or to reduce to reduce the number of cells into the geological model so that the simulation engineer penron can run this model into the his software or the eclipse software or with limited pc capabilities okay let&#39;s ask the second question so the upper scaling is a must know the upscaling is not must why because because nowadays we have high bc capabilities we have high pc capabilities and also in terms of software the software has also enhanced its capability to run smoothly the calculation for the numerical simulation okay so in case that you have high pc capabilities so you will run we will run high number of sales models also in low time okay so before doing the upscaling before doing our uh the upscaling you should ask yourself uh about the capabilities of your pc and the capabilities of the software okay so nowadays nowadays some companies are not doing the upscaling are not doing the scaling and use the same static model to run the dynamic simulation okay so now we finished the dynamic modeling workflow and now the simulation engineer or the static model was handled to the simulation engineer the first step that the simulation engineer will do is to qc the static model tqc the static model because if we have any mistakes or we have any uh any some uh something that should be modified and we didn&#39;t do this modifications so the static model this errors or these mistakes will affect the dynamic reservoir simulation okay the second step is to use the traditional simulation toolkits like the material balance like the will test like the decline curve analysis and so on to know just rough estimations about our reservoir to have a conceptual model to have a conceptual model we have conceptual model into the static model and to the static modeling we have the conceptual model for the depositional environment for our reservoir that is into the static mode also the simulation engineer should have conceptual model about his reservoir using using the traditional analytical methods like the material balance will test deploying cab finances and so on okay okay great then then we have some data that we require to run the dynamic simulation which are the bbt and the skeleton okay but as you know that the bbt and the scale data are done by the laboratories but but we can&#39;t use this raw data directly to the simulation okay so the simulation engineer will do some modification to the lab data before using it into the simulation for example for bbt he should do adjusting adjusting according to the production facilities for the field okay for the beta u and rs before using them into the simulation also for sketch scale data like relative permeability and the capability operation for rather permeability he is doing normalization and denormalization process and also for the capillary pressure he should do the normalization by the j function and the other method then after after that we are ready to run the history matching okay then after the history matching we should or we will use we will use the reservoir model the orders of our model now is ready to predict the production actually the production prediction is the main goal is the main goal for reservoir modeling okay then after production prediction we will do also uncertainty and optimization analysis okay so for static modeling we did the australity usually usually or mainly to the oil in place for for the dynamic we will do also uncertainty but but the selectivity in this case for the community production progress of what pressure and so on okay first of all our first step for the dynamic modeling workflow or in the static model qc the static model qc so some aspects for static mode qc like for the structural model is the structure modeling uh or are the grids are oriented into the direction of the flow or node for example we have two moles here we have injector and we have protrusion okay we have two cells orientations we have here and we have the cells are oriented into the direction of the flow when we inject water so the water will go into that direction okay okay what are what is the best to have to use this reservoir or this cell orientation or to use this orientation usually usually the structure model the structural model should consider that the cell orientation should be into the same flow direction to the same flow direction why because because if the cell orientation are is not the same as the flow uh direction so in that case it will it will lead to pushing additional additional flow or additional fluid toward these two the production wheels so as you can see that is the uh that is the uh the the blue for the north south reservoir model and here uh the red one for the aligned with the flow direction so as you can see for the northeast hours that not align with the flow direction we have we have higher slow or higher fluid production than the reality or then the action okay so you should consider or the static model should be you see it for example the cell orientation we have also we have also other aspects for example if the upscaled properties are upscaled properly to represent the same look interpretation resulted or not okay that also an aspect for the static model you see uh also after upscaling is there any difference into the oil in place between the upscaled model that will be used in simulation and the fine model that was created by the gng team is there any difference into the moor volume and the will in place okay so that also one aspect for the static model qc okay the second step for the dynamic modeling is to use the result is for the traditional reservoir engineering tools like material balance mechanical analysis and so on to see or to direct or to have conceptual model for our reservoir okay to compare between for example if the material balance is telling us that we have 100 100 million we&#39;ll barrel into our reservoir what is the result of phrasal verb moving it is the same or it is a bit higher which is or it&#39;s much higher okay so so we can compare into that cases okay so the traditional our e-tools can give us a rough estimation for the properties for our reservoir like in case of weld tests the wealthiest will tell you about the average permeability of your reservoir okay so you can compare between you can compare between the weltest permeability which representing the permeability around the well and the probability that were distributed that were distributed into the 3d model the average is the same at the weltest permeability or it&#39;s different okay so so as you can see the traditional retools will be very beneficial for reservoir moving also for bvt pvt and the skull data for example the actually the reservoir fluid pipe will direct us to use to use certain types or certain unconventional methods for reservoir simulation for example for example if you are having gas reservoir and we have black oil reservoirs okay the tourist of us have different methods for running the simulation for gas condensate reservoir we will use compositional simulation we will use e 300 software okay for the black wheel which having like abi of 24 or so on we will use the conventional black oil eclipse or e 100 okay so as you can see for the bvt for dvt will direct us to to the type of the simulation that you will use into running the dynamic simulation also you are you should do adjusting for the bbt data to adjust the beta o and the rs values according to the production filters facilities that you are having into the oil field for the scale data like the relative probability and the capillary pressure for directed permeability you should do normalization and denormalization the relative permeability will control will control the moving of different fluids okay so so depending on the value for the rather probability you will produce more oil or more gas or more water okay also the capillary pressure is very important into distributing the saturation into your reservoir model okay so also you should consider the importance and the accuracy for the capillary pressure into the dynamic modeling okay if we have several cavalry pressure curves from different plugs so you will do normalization to have just one care just one careful cabinet pressure that will represent all the rest of our cells in case that you wanted to have high resolution for the capillary pressure so you can use the day function also in case that you want to have more resolution you can do rock typing and for every type you will assign j function curve okay and so on then after after we qc after using the static model after using the traditional re tool that gave us a conceptual model about our reservoir that gave us the information of a connection for several faults for giving us a rough estimation for the winning place and so on after entering or emptying the pvt data and the scale data so now we are ready to go for the history mesh what is the history machine the history matching is there we have we have actual production from our feed okay and when you run simulation you will have a production from your reservoir model then we will compare between the simulated production and the actual production okay if they are matching okay so you can say it&#39;s okay and our reservoir model is accurate and we can use it into the prediction include that you have mismatching you have difference between the simulated and the actual production so you will go to modify your reservoir model you can modify the relative permeability you can modify the uh the leaking or the connection for the folds you can modify the wheels skin factors and so on okay until matching the actual production okay and we have two phases or three levels for history match we have pressure match we have saturation match and we have well productivity index matching for pressure match in that you wanted to match the average reservoir fluid you can modify the aquifer size you can modify the poor volume of the prodigy distribution you can modify the compressibility okay in case that you want to have to have regional pressure you want to have match for the original pressure for example if you have a certain pressure for each segment for your reservoir so you can use some factors or you can modify some factors and so on okay that is the pressure match level after after achieving match in terms of pressure you will go to the next level which is saturation match saturation match which is to match the production for each well and first to match the production from the field match the field production then merge every wheel production okay how we can do that by uh by manipulating the vertical permeability the shale barriers and the productivity for the wells and so on okay the third level which is the will productivity match okay in case of will productivity match you can modify the skin factor you can modify the permeability around the well you can modify uh the will productivity index and so on until matching every well production and every bottom hole flowing pressure for each sheet for each for each well okay for example for example if we have this case we have the water cut from uh from our from the simulated and from the actual watercolor okay as you can see you have nearly the same slope okay but the start of water production is different between the two worlds so so as we mentioned the retina permeability is the main controller for production several several phases okay or several floors so in that case you will say we want to modify the relative permeability to have match between the simulated and the actual watercolor if you have the same slope so the problem with the end points for the retina permeability okay if you have the same start by but different slopes so you have a problem into the the endpoints and you have the problem with the in the points and the query or the exponent exponent for the relative permeability yes okay okay so after achieving the history matching so the next step which is the main goal for reservoir modeling which is the production prediction and the field development and learning and the feed development plan what is the main goal for the field development planning in case that you wanted to compare you wanted to compare you have a a suggestion to apply water injection or gas injection okay so you will run simulation case or you will predict the production in case that you apply water injection and run another simulation case in case that you are applying gas injection run another simulation case you get that you drilled more wells they could then compare the production from the three cases okay the case with the highest production so again for example if the water injection achieved the highest production so you will see or you will propose that the water injection is the beast mechanism for developing our reservoir and so on okay that is for the production prediction and then also also as uh as we mentioned that we have also conservativity and sensitivity and optimization for the step the dynamic model like we did uncertainty analysis for the oil in place for the static model okay what is the difference between sensitivity uncertainty and optimization sensitivity is to define the factors or the parameters that greatly affect a certain parameter or a certain variable for example for example we have different we have different parameters like uh starting oil production like number of wheels like uh like the the wheel productivity index uh like the water injection rates and so on okay and you want to know which parameter that greatly affect the community production so that is the sensitivity analysis uncertainty analysis uncertainty analysis you will have some parameters like where we have for example we have two parameters that greatly affect the community production like the starting oil production and the water injection rate okay so we have a range for the starting oil production and the water injection and we want to know the effect of this this ranges for the oil starting oil production and the water injection rate on on the community of oil production okay so you will do the uncertainty analysis for optimization optimization in case that you are doing history matching the emoji optimization means means that you are you are automatic or you are doing assisted history matching or automatic history match okay you will give a certain range for the factors that should assist in doing the history matching to the software and the software will have try at the error will have many trials until achieving until achieving the s3 match optimization in case of prediction for example for water injection rates or water injection rates or or the number of wheels okay so the software will do several simulation runs with different number of words with different water injection rates then at the end the software will tell you the beast number of was the optimum number of ways and the optimum water injection rate okay for example as you can see we want to know uh we wanted to know the effect of the height of our reservoir the gas will contact the production rate and the injection bottom hole pressure we wanted to know the effect of the four parameters onto the oil or the cumulative oil production so as you can see the factor that greatly effect or most effect effective on the oil commutative oil production and the thickness of the reservoir then the gas will contribute but the production rate and the injection bottom hole pressure has minor having minor effect on the commutative wheel production okay that is uh for some uh case okay for the answer an example for the uncertainty analysis you wanted to have you have a positive range like from 18 to 25 and in water oil water contact we have that with that from the oil water contact depth is ranging from 2 000 to 2100 and we wanted to know the uncertainty the uh the effect of uncertainty into uh in oil water contact and the porosity on the resulted oil in place or the community oil production okay that is one example the other example that we have associated into the reservoir properties this water permeability reserve permeability care skin drilling error and we want to know that uncertainty on the well rate on the will rate for optimization as we as we mentioned that the simulation we have in this case as you can see we want to know which optimum injection rate to have the highest oil rate so as you can see we have 10 cases and for each case we have a different injection rate and we have field production right so at the end we will select that case that having the highest or the optimum cumulative oil production okay depending on the uh depending on the injection rates okay so in the end in the end them into the the the main point that you want to know about it that about that webinar that we have some steps for static modeling and we have some steps for the dynamic modeling for static modeling we have we will prepare our data and interpretation and do interpretation for the data that should be interpreted and then we will do structural modeling patience modeling physical modeling and then do uncertainty analysis to calculate the oil in place then do up scaling and then handle the static model to the simulation engineer the simulation engineer first step that he will do is to qc the static model using the traditional reservoir engineering tools to have conception model about his reservoir then enter bbt and scale data then do the history matching then after achieving history matching he will do production prediction and do uncertainty and optimization here for the field development plan okay so that was the end for the webinar and i will be more than happy to have uh some question about the webinar okay if you have any question please drop it into the zoom chat uh we have a question here uh when we will use streamlines streamlines actually uh it will tell you about the direction of the flow okay so so we can we can the simulation engineer can use the streamlines streamline simulation to identify the direction of the flow okay and the compare between the direction of the flow and the cell orientation okay the cellular cell orientation into the static movement if it&#39;s okay and it&#39;s matching so we can say okay the static model the cell orientation is is perfect or is optimum and get that we have high difference so we can do re or modification to the cell orientation okay and the last slide our choice depending on the cost function also or only the injection here into the last slide as you can see that we have we have here the field production rate i think that in that case the software selected selected the optimum injection rate and the optimum field production rate that will lead in the end to the highest community of oil production okay [Music] are what is the difference between classical workflow and modeling workflow i think that you are you are talking about the traditional tools traditional tools like the material balance like they will test drawing curve and so on okay the modeling like when we have a 3d model for our reservoir okay so the 3d model will tell us or will incorporate additional complexity and additional resolution that will lead into the into high accuracy for the results the qc for the upskilled data for the upscale data you should compare between you should you can compare between the well log the wheel logs and the upscaled value if they are near to each other so it&#39;s okay and we can say that the upscaling is uh okay but if we have high difference so in that case you should do or you should uh repeat the ob scheme how can we reduce uncertainty into static models by two steps the first step is to integrate is to integrate many sources of data like in some cases in some cases into modeling the property we are using the seismic data okay the seismic data would be a secondary factor into distributing capacity so it will lead to more more certainty into the project okay uh that is the first step is to integrate several sources of data okay the second step is to have more data for example if you are using just dialogue interpretation without poor data so into the nexus 12 you are recommending you should recommend to have poor to have poor data for routine core analysis and also for special poor analysis uh first why using nt while using mr salah i didn&#39;t understand your question why are models important to geologists actually the models are important to uh to to to the grg stuff and also for the re because the geologist will recommend the next tools that will be drilled depending on his model depending on the rest of our model so if you don&#39;t have any model so you don&#39;t have any prediction for the new ones okay how to model the aquifer or its parameter are aggressed into history matching step the aquifer we have to make two types of aquifer into simulation we have numerical and we have another okay usually we are used analytical aquifers like that using the models for culture tracy like the other analytical methods or other analytical methods to model the aquifer okay that is that usually that we are using into simulating the aquaphor just to locate the aquifer then use analytical method to represent the aquifer response okay the other method is to have numerical aquifer like to represent the aquifer by certain number of cells and incorporate it into the simulation what is the difference between forward and inverse modeling the forward the modeling mean that means that you have a problem and you are solving it okay you are try to find its solution but actually actually into history matching its inverse it&#39;s inverse process and versa process that you are having the solution you are having the production and you are trying to get or to guess the properties for your reservoir okay that is why we are calling the history matching as inverse process [Music] uh anyone that wanted to connect me on linkedin it&#39;s no problem sha allah okay why using normalized pc or letter primarily instead using for each curve actually for cavalier pressure and relative permeability we have many blocks and each blogs each blog have its own retirement permiability and its own capillary pressure okay and and we want to have one relative permeability for all the reservoir model and one capillary pressure here for all the reservoir model okay that is the objective of normalization for curb pressure and reticle permeability but actually nowadays we can we can have a capillary pressure curve and relative primarily for each zone for each cell but but it will lead to higher time into running simulation okay so you have the two options we have another question what is the accurate data will look or core symbols and what is the very cost process between them what it which uh i think that you are asking about the accuracy uh okay so for core symbols as you know that the core symbols you should correct the core symbol results is regarding to the pressure and relative to the clay content and so on okay so the more accuracy in terms of for example for the uh for the velocity okay you have a positive from the well log and we have the positive from the core sample okay the core sample processing should be corrected to the pressure to compare between the well log property and the core processing also you should keep seeing the core or reaching core analysis or the the core blocks after drawing and cleaning the process okay because the drying and the cleaning the process can lead to losing some clay minerals and losing some clay mirrors will lead to additional positive okay so so in that case the positive from the core symbol want to be won&#39;t be representative to the reservoir and you will have a difference between the will look and the positive okay that is in terms of positive okay we have also the water structure the water saturation that is coming from the well log you will ask about the parameters that were used into the arch equation okay the parameters that uh that to compare between the water saturation coming from the well logs and coming from the core samples you should first you should first correct uh correct the uh constant into the arch equation that will be used to calculate the water saturation okay so we have many measurements for the cool samples and we have uh that should be compared but you should consider the conditions at which we measured that that experience not using upscaling because of scaling distorts the final uh there anyway not using upscaling yes i mentioned that and get that you are having uh high vc capabilities okay that can run your model so you shouldn&#39;t do the upscaling okay [Music] it is possible to build the model without core data and uncertainty of long data can be handled into the history matching step yes you can do you can do you can do model without it but it will have higher uncertainty okay uh is any is there any difference between cooling and loading cooling is to get a course logging is to run a logging tool into you will alter thank the model thank you model that is the material balance question calculations what what is other using then distribute the situation relative permeability is used is used to simulate the flow of different fluids at the same time like that you are having oil and water okay the retina permeability will determine the percent for the oil production and the water production capillary pressure is used to distribute the saturation okay without seismic data all this modeling will be able to be made i think no or we will in that case we will have very very high uncertainty without cosmic data just to to have to use the will tops to to create surfaces i think it will have it will have a high uncertainty [Music] i think that anyone have any other questions okay i think that we we we finished our uh our webinar uh someone asking about the last slide okay as you can see here as you can see here uh i think that we have tai boo here which uh in into optimization we want to we we are having two parameters we are having the q injection or the water injection rate and the field production starting rate okay and we wanted to optimize the two parameters to achieve the highest community of oil production okay the highest community of oil production okay i think this row is representing the community of oil production so so if the starting rate for the production is about 80 80 000 and that is the water injection rate so it will lead to the highest commutative oil production okay okay so we are optimizing the water injection and the production rate okay to achieve the highest community of oil production not uh as i typed here highest oil rate okay i think uh it&#39;s cleared now [Music] anyone has any question okay so i finished today and thank you all and hope to see you into nikest webinar and shower you

Transcript for:Overview of Reservoir Modeling Webinar

Transcript for:
Overview of Reservoir Modeling Webinar