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Vector Addition Using Polygon Method

Jun 20, 2025

Overview

This lecture explains how to add more than two vectors using the polygon method, illustrated with a sample problem involving four force vectors.

Methods of Vector Addition

  • Vectors can be added using the parallelogram method, polygon method, or component method.
  • The polygon method is used when adding three or more vectors tip-to-tail.

Sample Problem Setup

  • Four forces act on a particle:
    • Force 1: 10 N, 45° north of east
    • Force 2: 5 N, 10° south of east
    • Force 3: 6 N, east
    • Force 4: 6 N, 20° south of west
  • Scale used: 0.5 cm represents 1 N on the drawing.

Steps in Polygon Method

  • Draw Cartesian plane to guide vector directions.
  • Draw each vector tip-to-tail using given magnitude, direction, and correct scale.
  • After drawing all vectors sequentially, the closing vector from start to end represents the resultant.
  • Measure the resultant vector's magnitude and direction with respect to the east axis.
  • In the example, the resultant vector measures 13 N at 18° north of east.

Analyzing the Resultant Vector

  • The resultant force indicates the net effect of all individual forces on the particle.
  • The particle will move in the direction of the resultant: 13 N, 18° north of east.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Vector Addition — The process of combining multiple vectors to get a single vector (the resultant).
  • Polygon Method — A graphical method for adding vectors by connecting them tip-to-tail.
  • Resultant Vector — The single vector that has the same effect as all the original vectors combined.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Practice drawing vector addition using the polygon method with different example problems.
  • Prepare for the next lesson on vector addition using the component method.