AP Human Geography Review

Welcome back to the Mr. Sin channel. Today we are summarizing all seven units of AP Human Geography in one video. This review is meant for quick revision before tests, not in-depth learning.

Resources

• Ultimate Review Packet: Includes summary videos, study guides, practice quizzes, and AP tests.
• Discord Server: Community for AP test preparation.

Unit 1: Thinking Geographically

• Maps: Understanding thematic and reference maps, map projections, and reading spatial data.
  • Distortion: All map projections have some distortion (e.g. Mercator map preserves direction).
• GIS: Geographic Information Systems for layering data and seeing spatial relationships.
• Research:
  • Quantitative: Uses numbers, often from census.
  • Qualitative: Explores attitudes and beliefs.

Spatial Concepts

• Distance Decay: Reduced by technology and communication advancements.
• Environmental Determinism vs. Possibilism:
  • Determinism: Environment restricts society.
  • Possibilism: Society modifies environment.

Scale

• Scale of Analysis: How data is organized (national vs. local).
• Map Scale: Small vs. large scale maps based on detail and area covered.

Regions

• Functional (Nodal), Perceptual (Vernacular), and Formal (Uniform) regions.

Unit 2: Population and Migration

• Population Distribution: Influenced by economic, social, environmental opportunities.
• Density Types:
  • Arithmetic, Physiological, Agricultural Density.
• Population Metrics: CBR, CDR, NIR, sex ratios, doubling, dependency ratios.
• Population Pyramids: Indicate stages of demographic transition.
• Demographic Transition Model: Stages 1-5 described.
• Epidemiologic Transition Model: Causes of death across stages.
• Malthus and Neo-Malthusians: Carrying capacity concerns.

Migration

• Push/Pull Factors: Political, economic, social, environmental.
• Types: Forced vs. voluntary migration.
• Diffusion through Migration: Acculturation, assimilation, cultural resistance.

Unit 3: Cultural Patterns and Processes

• Cultural Relativism vs. Ethnocentrism: Viewing culture from their perspective vs. judging by own standards.
• Cultural Landscape: Manifestation of culture in physical space.
• Diffusion Types:
  • Relocation, Expansion, Hierarchical, Contagious, Stimulus.
• Colonialism and Imperialism: Spread of language and religion.
• Space-Time Compression: Reduced distance decay due to globalization.

Religion and Language

• Universalizing vs. Ethnic Religions: Diffusion and cultural landscape impact.
• Language Families: Origin, diffusion, dialects.

Unit 4: Political Organization of Space

• Nations vs. States, Nation-States, Multinational States.
• Political Boundaries: Types like relic, antecedent, subsequent, superimposed.
• Gerrymandering: Redistricting for political advantage.
• Unitary vs. Federal States: Power distribution.
• Supranational Organizations: Impact on state sovereignty.

Unit 5: Agriculture

• Extensive vs. Intensive Agriculture: Location and methods.
• Settlement Patterns: Clustered, dispersed, linear.
• Agricultural Revolutions: Neolithic, Second Agricultural, Green Revolution.
• Debates and Ethical Concerns: GMOs, organic farming, local food movements.

Unit 6: Cities and Urban Land Use

• Site and Situation Factors: Influence city location and growth.
• Urban Models: Burgess Concentric, Hoyt Sector, Multiple Nuclei, Galactic Periphery, and models for LDCs.
• Sustainability: Policies like smart growth, urban boundaries.
• Gentrification: Economic development and displacement.

Unit 7: Industrial and Economic Development

• Globalization and Economy: Formal vs. informal economies.
• Economic Sectors: Primary, secondary, tertiary (and further breakdown).
• International Division of Labor: Offshoring, economic zones.
• Trade and Neoliberal Policies: Free trade agreements, comparative advantage.
• Development Models:
  • Rostow's Stages of Development.
  • Wallerstein's World System Theory.

Conclusion

This comprehensive review is meant to help prepare for your AP test or final exam. For more detailed help, check additional resources like topic review videos, Discord community, and the Ultimate Review Packet. Good luck on your exams!