The Life and Legacy of Julius Caesar

Introduction to the Calendar

• Roman Calendar Origins: Romans invented the calendar we use today, but it was inaccurate and did not align with the seasons.
• Julius Caesar's Reforms: Improved the calendar to be based on the sun, resulting in 365 days and 12 months.

Early Life of Gaius Julius Caesar

• Birth: Born in July 100 BC in Rome, from noble but not wealthy parents.
• Education: Started at age six, focused on speaking and leadership skills.
• Head of Household: Became head of the household after his father's death at age 6.

Marriage and Military Service

• Marriage: Married Cornelia at age 17, daughter of a powerful politician.
• Military Service: Joined the army to avoid family conflict; rose to prominence as a brave warrior.

Political Ascendancy

• Influential Relationships: Formed alliances with Crassus (wealthy businessman) and Pompey (military commander).
• Consulship: Elected consul at age 40, held the position for one year.
• Governorship of Gaul: Became governor of Gaul, commanding four legions.

Military Achievements

• Conquest of Gaul: Defeated tribes in Gaul through strategic insight; gained respect as a military commander.
• Historical Recognition: Considered one of the best military commanders in history.

Political Conflicts

• Rivalry with Pompey: Former friends turned rivals due to jealousy; Senate's disapproval of Caesar's power.
• Civil War: Caesar declared war against the Senate and won, gaining control of Rome.

Key Battles

• Victory over Pompey: Beat Pompey after a lengthy chase, leading to Pompey's execution in Egypt.
• Dictatorship: Appointed Dictator Perpetuo in 46 BC; reformed Rome's government and economy.

Contributions to Rome

• Economic Reforms: Improved conditions for the poor and stabilized the economy.
• Cultural Contributions: Noted for his writings, including poems and books.
• Julian Calendar: Established the calendar as a significant achievement.

Assassination and Legacy

• Political Unrest: Faced opposition from leaders who felt he was too powerful.
• Assassination: Led by Cassius and Brutus on March 15, 44 BC (Ides of March).

Reflection on Ambition and Morality

• Ambition: Caesar's ambition defined his rise and control over Rome.
• Complex Legacy: Historical figures often possess both positive and negative traits.
• Influence: Julius Caesar remains one of the most influential leaders in history.