Types of Nozzles

1. Conversion Nozzle

• Definition: A nozzle where the cross-sectional area increases from inlet to exit.
• Characteristics:
  • Fluid enters at lower velocity (subsonic).
  • Velocity at outlet can reach sonic speed (Mach number = 1).
• Important Terms:
  • Mach Number: Ratio of object speed to speed of sound.
    • Mach < 1: Subsonic (velocity < 343 m/s)
    • Mach = 1: Sonic (velocity = 343 m/s)
    • Mach > 1: Supersonic (velocity > 343 m/s)
    • Mach > 5: Hypersonic

2. Diversion Nozzle

• Definition: A nozzle where the cross-sectional area decreases from inlet to exit.
• Characteristics:
  • Fluid exits at higher velocity (supersonic).
  • Mach number is greater than 1 (velocity > 343 m/s).

3. Conversion-Diversion Nozzle

• Definition: A nozzle that combines features of both convergent and divergent nozzles.
• Characteristics:
  • Initial increase in cross-sectional area from inlet to throat.
  • Followed by an increase from throat to exit (divergent).
  • The area at the throat is the smallest (also called throut).
  • Pressure at the inlet is high, and velocity is low.
  • Velocity reaches sonic at the throat and increases to supersonic in the divergent section.

Summary of Flow Types

• Sonic Flow: Mach number = 1 (speed of sound)
• Subsonic Flow: Mach number < 1 (velocity < speed of sound)
• Supersonic Flow: Mach number > 1 (velocity > speed of sound)
• Hypersonic Flow: Mach number > 5 (velocity > 5 times speed of sound)

Conclusion

• Understanding nozzles is crucial in applications related to power plant engineering and mechanical engineering.
• Encourage viewers to like, subscribe, and share for more educational content.