I am privileged to take you through classification two. Before we continue with classification two learners, uh let's review on classification one. So what is classification? Classification is the orderly grouping of living organism on the basis of their characteristics they share in common. Orderly grouping. orderly grouping of living organism on the basis of characteristics they share in common. In classification one, we went ahead to state the reasons why we carry out classification. Reasons for classification. The reason number one for carrying out classification was uh to identify living organisms uh on the to identify living organisms in the correct groups for future reference. What does this mean Lana? It means that organisms will be kept in groups which uh in which they fit with common characteristics. Another reason why we we are studying classification grouping brings together living organism which have similar characteristics but it separates those with different features. Another reason for classification learners is to uh bring information of organisms to avoid chaos and confusion in future. That is a review on classification one learners and today we are going to start to start on classification two that is form three work. Before we continue let's remind ourself the taxonomic units of classification. Our first taxonomic unit was kingdom which is the highest and the largest taxonomic unit that is kingdom number one. We have the second one which is the film or the division. Our third uh taxonomic unit is the class. Our fourth one is order. Our fifth is family. Our sixth taxonomic uh unit is the genus. And finally we have the least taxonomic unit which is the species. Our key interest today learners will be on the kingdom. We learned in classification one that we have five kingdoms in biology which we study uh in broad. We have five kingdoms. The first kingdom is kingdom mona. Learners, I would like you to pay attention to spellings since in biology we are very keen to spellings that is including singular and plural. Our first kingdom was kingdom mona. Second kingdom we have kingdom protoista. Our third kingdom we have kingdom fungi. Our fourth we have kingdom planti not learners it is kingdom plantai not kingdom plants or any other thing not the spellings. Our our last kingdom is kingdom animalia learners. Today we are going to focus on kingdom animal. In this kingdom it is where you and I belong. We are under kingdom animalia. At this level in secondary level we only uh study uh two films in kingdom animalia. We study only two films and a kindomomanalia. One is a film. When there are one is a film when there are many we refer to them as filer. So we have two uh we have two filers and kingdom animalia. We have phylm arropoda and we have phylm codata. Those are the two key films which we deal with uh in class in in classification two and kingdom animalia. Our key interest today will be phylm arrop powder. Pham arro powder that is what we're going to measure on today learners. Uh learners remember to check on the spellings for arropoda. Remember to check on the spellings for arropoda. Uh the a r the a r should appear. A r should appear. Remember that uh when you when you miss uh when you miss writing the R it becomes something which is totally different and it will be ignored in our biology exams. So under phyamatropoda before we even continue learners remember animals have specific characteristics. Some of the characteristics of animals uh include the general characteristics of living organisms include they are multisellular. This means they have a couple of cells. Then another one animals have cells which lack a cell wall. This is to mean that when we were doing the cell in form one, we went ahead to say that when we compare an animal cell and a plant cell, we we found that an animal cell lacks a cell wall, but a plant cell has a cell wall. Under phyamatropoda the general characteristics are as follow as follows. Uh the first characteristic is they have jointed appendages. The film arropoda first characteristic they have jointed appendages. I will discuss this more as we deal with the classes. They have the jointed appendages. Another characteristic is they their body is covered with hardened exoskeleton made of kitin. Their body is covered with an exoskeleton made of kitin. This means that they have an exoskeleton is the skeleton which is found on the outside of a living organism. They also have segmented bodies. Segmented bodies it means their bodies are separated into parts which are joined together to form a a tube. Then we have that their bodies as also divided into parts. It can be three parts or four parts. Uh another another characteristic also under the fil matropoda they have bilateral symmetry. What does this mean lers? It means that their body can be divided into two equal parts. It can be divided into two equal parts. Um another key characteristics which we will consider is the mode of reproduction in phyamatropoda is sexual. It is mainly sexual and they also experience open they have an open circulatory system. Those are the general characteristic under phylm arropoda and under phylm arropoda we have some classes which are found inside there we have five classes learners five classes remember under hierarchy under the taxonomic units we started with the kingdom and this kingdom animal we went to the phylm and film we are saying is the phylm thro pa Under the film arropoda we have we have five classes and these classes are divided on the on the three bases. The first basis is the number of legs. Number of legs. Lers a living organism can have a couple number of legs. Either it can have three pairs of leg, four pairs of legs. uh another characteristic which uh is we we refer to as we we consider in film arropoda is the presence and the number of antenna. As we dig deep in these classes of filmropoda we will find that some animals some living organism have an antenna others lack an antenna some have two pairs of antenni or more than two pairs of antenna. Now another basis we consider under film arropoda is the number of body parts. The body parts can either be two body parts or three body parts depending on the class which we are discussing. Learners welcome to our uh classes in phylm arropoda. We have five classes and we are going to start uh with one referred to as class arachnid. Class archida. So under class A that is our first class class arachnida. Let's give examples of animals under this class. We have living organism like scorpions, the ticks and the spiders. They are found under class arachnid learners. I hope you can figure out a diagram on a spider. This is something which you might have seen in your homes or in your environment. A spider maybe a might or a scorpion. When we look at the diagram or a um a specimen on the spider or a tick or a scorpion, we'll find out the following characteristics. These animals have uh two body parts. What does this mean? It means that the the two body parts are the sephaloorax, the sephaloax and the abdomen. The sephalothorax is formed when the head when the head and the thorax fuse together they form the sephalotothorax. Now the claracida have two body parts. The two body parts are the sephalothorax and the abdomen. They have four pairs of legs which have two claws. Four pairs of legs. This means they have eight walking legs. Uh we have another characteristic. When you observe a scorpion or observe a spider, they lack the antenna. This is a basis which we consider when we are classifying animals under film arropoda. Gash's exchange in class arachnida takes uh place through the book lungs and the tracheal system. These animals are cannivorous. Remember a scorpion? They are cannivorous and they usually paralyze their prey using poison. Uh most some of you might have experienced um a scorpion bite or a spider bite. Uh these uh animals tend to have poison in their uh poison in their claws. Um we'll continue on another class that is uh class crust crustaceia class crustaceia. Examples of animals found under this class. These are mostly marine animals such as the crayfish, the crabs, the lobsters. Uh we have some prawns and shrimps. Uh examples, we have the crabs, the crayfish, uh the prawns and the shrimps. They are mostly found in the marine environment. Now, these animals tend to have the following characteristics. They tend to have the following characteristic. They have the sephalotoax too. Just as we said in arachnida arachnida they have the sephalotothorax and also crustacey. They have the sephalotox but their sephalotothorax is special because it is covered by unhardened material referred to as the carropus. Their sephaloththorax is covered with a hardened material that is the carropus. Another characteristic under the class crustaceia we have they have two pairs of antenna. They are a special class. They have two pairs of antenna. Then they have a pair of compound eyes. Remember they have a pair of compound eyes. And what makes them more special when we we we differentiate them with other classes is they have five or more pairs of limbs. They have five or more pairs of limbs. It means that these limbs are they they modified to do uh various functions such as we have locomotion, we have feeding and we also have uh defense. Um learners remember that seph the sephaloax under this class crustaceia is covered with a carropus that is a keyh characteristic which distinguishes this class. Our third uh class is class chillo pod. Class chilo pod class chilopod. Let's first give examples of living organisms under this class. uh living organisms under this class are the centipedes. The centipedes. The centipeds. Uh we will draw an example or a diagram of a centipede so that we analyze the characteristics together with you learners or also you can see the diagram which uh is presented to you of a of a centipede. The uh centipedes or and class chilopoda tend to have the following characteristics. They have two body parts. These animals tend to have two body parts. That is the head and the trunk. The head and the trunk. So in front here is the head and what is left is the trunk. They have two body parts. the head and the and the trunk. Another characteristics for class chilopoda which we are saying is the centipede is they have one pair of leg per segment. What does this mean? Remember we said under filer metropoda their body are segmented. They divided into parts. In each segment of a centipede we have one pair of leg. One pair of of leg. Another characteristic is they have one pair of long antenna. In front there near the head we have long pair of antenna. Another another one is the scorpion. The centiped sorry they have poisonous claws. uh and their segments can be between 15 to 21 15 to 21 depending uh there uh another another thing to consider under class chilopoda and if learners you'll tend to forget remember for C we have C that is centipede we have another special class which we are going to look at which might confuse you that's why I'm giving you a trick to remember chilop Poda starts with a C and example is the the centipede that is a keyh organism to remember under that class. Now let's go to another another key class under filer matropoda. Remember learners we said that we are going to look at all the classes under filer matropoda which in which we have already mentioned a couple of them starting with class AIDA. We went to class crustacei and on class chilop poda and we are going forth to another class that is class diplo poda. It almost resembles the class chilopod. Class diplo poda. A good example is the milliped. A good example is the milliped. Uh the millipeds tend to differ uh um differ they are diff you can differentiate them from a from a centipede with the following characteristics. class diplopod. An example is the milliped. They have a cylindrical body. When you look at a milliped the specimen their body is their body their body has rings uh to form a cylinder. So they have a cylindrical body that is the first characteristic. Another one is when you look at a centipede and a milliped they differ in terms of the number of legs. You will find that millipeds have many legs compared to the centiped. Now let's structure a millipede here and we will see how it differs from the centipede. We said the body is cylindrical and another characteristic which we're going to mention is the millipeds they have two pairs of leg per segment. One segment here will have two pairs of of legs. They have two pairs of leg per segment. Another characteristic is they have a short antenna. Short antenna as compared to the centipedes which have long antenni. Millipeds have a short antenna. Um another differentiating characteristic is you'll find that the millipeds are quite uh long compared to the centipede and they have almost from 9 to 100 segments 9 to 100 segments making them a bit longer as compared to centipeds and the class chilopod. For millipeds they are special they have three body parts. three body parts. I am going to show you these body parts. Uh we have the head in front here followed by the thorax which is quite uh quite small the thorax. Then the other part is the trunk. So a milliped has three body parts. The head, the thorax and the trunk. that is under class diplopod. We are going to finalize on our last class under film matropoda. This is a class which most of you have uh will have many characteristics to tell me uh class insectctor. Back then in primary we used to do much of class in sector. And examples of animals under this class are for example a house fly. There are many types of insects. Remember to write class insectctor not class insect. Example is a housefly. We have an ant. We have a bee. We have a beetle and other many insects. This is a wide class because it has most of the living organism. The characteristics are are as follows. They have three body parts. They have three body parts that is the head, the thorax and the abdomen. What we use to sing along in primary head, the thorax and the abdomen. They have one pair of antenni. One pair of antenni only one pair of antenni. One pair of antenni. uh they have one pair of the compound eyes and many simple eyes. One pair of compound eyes and many or many simple eyes. Another characteristic which will be very evident when you see a house fly even now is it might have one or two pairs of wings. They usually have one or two pairs of wings. This makes them a special class. Remember learners when we are reading when we are discussing the class arachnneida we found that uh for a scorpion it lacks the what the wings but for class insectctor they have they can either have a pair of wing or two pairs of wings. Another characteristic is they tend to experience gashes exchange through the tracheal system. They experience gashes at change through the tracheal system and they have a waterproof esgo skeleton. The esgo skeleton is waterproof. It means that even if they uh they uh fall inside the water their their exoskeleton will not absorb any water. It is waterproof. Then they breathe through the spiral. They breathe through the spirals. When you observe a horsefly, it has three pairs of legs. That means it has six walking legs. They have three pairs of legs. Now for class insectctor what we say is three body parts, three pairs of leg, one or two pairs of wings and they usually experience gashas exchange through the tracheal system. Learners, we are going to uh look at these uh classes once more and summarize them. We introduced by saying that kingdom animalia kingdom animalia is divided into two uh it is divided into two key films that is the phylm arropoda and the phylm kodata learners we are under this kingdom but we belong to a different phylm which we will cover in other classes but our interest for today was the phylm arropoda which we mentioned to have the following classes. As we summarize, we started by discussing class archida. class arachnida. We say this is a class which contains the spiders. It also contains the scorpions and other other organisms. And the key characteristic is uh they lack they lack the antenna. They also lack the wings and they tend they tend to have uh two body parts. The two body parts were the sephaloorax and the abdomen. learners. Remember too when we are creating a a dichotoma scheme we usually consider these uh characteristic so that we can differentiate an organism from another. The arachnidas have two body parts the sephanoorax and the abdomen and they have the four pairs of legs and these legs tend to have tooththed claws. They tend to have the tooth claws. uh we went ahead to discuss uh another class that is class crustaceia. The class crustaceia we said that it it has organisms which mostly belong to the marine the marine and some are a few are terrestrial and they are found in the moist places. Examples we said the crabs, the crayfish, the lobsters and the prawns. These are examples under these classes. Um we went ahead and gave characteristic. A good characteristic which is differentiating from other classes is they have a pair. They have uh two pairs of antenna. Unlike other organisms, they have two pairs of antenna. Unlike other living organisms which have one pair of antenna or they lack an antenna. This class is special because it has the two pairs of antenna. We went ahead to say that for in order for us not to forget anything about class crustaceia, they have five or more uh pairs of limbs. These limbs are different. They are modified to perform many uh functions such as locomotion that is movement such as feeding h and water view. Um the spellings is key. The spelling is key. Remember we usually consider spellings in biology since it is a scientific uh skill. Uh another key question which you we tend to ask under under the filropoda is differentiate class chilopod and class diploa. When you are told to differentiate those two classes, this is what you are expected to answer. Learners uh for class chilopod which he said is the centipede Classopod. We say example as the centipedes. We say that they have two body parts. And for class diplopod, we said they have the three body parts. In an exam setup they may they may tend to ask you differentiate between class chilopoda and class diploa or they tell you differentiate between a centiped and a milliped. Now when we are discussing chilopoda we say that it has two body parts. The two body parts were the sephalotothorax and the and the trunk. But for the diplopod we went ahead to say that it has the three body parts which is the head the thorax and the and the trunk. Another key differentiating characteristic and class chilopoda is the number of leg per segment. The chilopoda which are the centipede tend to have one pair of leg per segment but for the diplopod they have two pairs of legs per segment. So chilop pod one pair of leg per segment one pair of leg per segment. But for the diplopod they have two pairs of leg per segment. Another characteristic which may differentiate the two classes that is chilopoda and diploa is the presence of poison claws. The centipeds have the poison claws and the millipeds they tend to lack the poison claws. centipedes have the poison claws and the and the millipeds tend to lack the poison claws. Uh another another thing which can another factor which you can use to differentiate them is the antenni. Both of them have the antenna. But when we look at the antenna, the therefore the antenna is long. They have a long antenna. But for the millipeds, they have a short antenna. They have a short antenna. uh for the number of segments we remember we said that u a centipede is quite uh is is not as long as a milliped. A milliped is longer. For a centipede we have between 15 to 21 segments but for a milliped we have from 9 to 100 segments. So centipedes have between 15 to 21 segments which forms their bodies. But for the millipeds they have between 9 to 100 segments. Those are the key differentiating factors between the between those uh classes class diplopod and class chilopoda. That is a question which uh is highly tested and the learners pay attention to differentiating them because when you do a mix up by saying maybe a centipede has three body parts and a milliped has two body parts you're ready we your your your answer will be will be wrong and it will be cancelled. Uh I will summarize by saying that uh phylamatropoda is very very special because of of these uh segmented body presence of jointed appendages and uh their bodies are covered by hardened escos skeleton which is made of kitin and they tend to have bilateral symmetry. Bilateral symmetry we say that learners this is whereby the living organism can be divided into two equal equal parts. Uh that is all for today learners. Remember we have discussed classification to kindia and we have dealt with film matropoda and discussed all the classes under filer matropoda class arachnida we have class crustacei class chilopoda class diploa and we finished on class in sector. So those are the major classes under phylm arropoda. Uh thank you for your time learners. Uh and enjoy your holiday. I will leave you with a few things uh to review on uh questions. These are questions you can give three differences between class chilopoda and diplopod. And another uh one is list uh three distinction characteristics of class arachnida. Uh thank you for your time. [Music] This program is rated GE. Content carried in here is suitable for general family viewing. It's not that easy with you here, but I know I want you to stay. 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