Lecture Notes: Parts of the Brain

Main Regions

Cerebral Hemisphere
- Right cerebral hemisphere
- Contains important structures:
  - Corpus Callosum: Connects right and left cerebral hemispheres with tracts.
  - Fornix: Group of tracts below the corpus callosum.
  - Right Lateral Ventricle: Between corpus callosum and fornix, covered by septum pellucidum.
Diencephalon
- Thalamus
  - Contains the intermediate mass.
- Hypothalamus
- Epithalamus
- These structures are encased by the third ventricle.
- Pineal Gland: Located above the thalamus.
Brainstem
- Composed of:
  - Midbrain (Tectum/Corpora Quadrigemina)
    - Superior colliculi (top bumps)
    - Inferior colliculi (bottom bumps)
  - Pons
  - Medulla Oblongata
- Connects to the spinal cord, which contains the central canal leading to the fourth ventricle.
- Cerebral Aqueduct: Connects third and fourth ventricles.
Cerebellum
- Features:
  - Arbor Vitae: White branches, cerebellar tracts.
  - Folia: Surrounding gray matter, cerebellar cortex.
- Separated into left and right cerebellar hemispheres by the vermis.

Giri (plural) / Gyrus (singular): Raised areas.
Sulci (plural) / Sulcus (singular): Indentations.
Central Sulcus: Separates precentral and postcentral gyri.
Lateral Sulcus: Divides frontal and parietal lobes from temporal lobe.
Lobes of the Brain
- Frontal Lobe
- Parietal Lobe
- Temporal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe: Located above the cerebellum.

By understanding these structures and their locations, we can better comprehend the brain’s anatomy and its complex functions.