Hello everyone and welcome to French School TV. Today we offer you a very comprehensive video on direct and indirect pronouns. Before you start watching the video, don't forget to turn on the subtitles, this way you will have a better understanding. As this video is a premiere, you can participate in the chat, ask your questions and answer the questions that will be asked during the video. If you watch this video after its first broadcast, don't forget to activate the chat to see the participants' messages! If this is the first time you are watching a video on French School TV, we invite you to subscribe. You will receive all our videos and you will be able to participate in our French lessons! Let's go! We attack! Well then, to begin, a little introduction to direct and indirect object pronouns. A pronoun is basically an element of the sentence that we use to avoid repetition, the objective is therefore to speak more quickly and more efficiently. With which verbs will we use direct object pronouns ( COD) or indirect object pronouns ( COI)? With transitive verbs, you have direct transitive verbs such as the verb regarder which will work with a direct object complement I watch TV. You have indirect transitive verbs that will work with indirect object complements, for example, to speak, I speak to Mary. So what is the difference between a direct object and an indirect object? the direct object pronoun will answer the question who or what for example: I look at Marie, I look at WHO? Married. I look at her, LA is therefore a direct object pronoun . Indirect object complements answer the question TO WHOM, TO WHAT, for example I am speaking to Marie, I am speaking to WHOM? To Mary, it is therefore the indirect object complement. I speak to him, HIM is a direct object pronoun. We start with the direct object pronouns me te le la nous vous les. Me te us and you will always substitute people they answer the question who, for example, he is looking at me, he is looking at who? me, he looks at me. He's looking at you, who's he looking at? You. She looks at us, she looks at who we etc etc the the they will substitute people and things since they answer the question who or what. For example, I watch TV, I watch it. What am I looking at? the TV. But you can also use them with whom, I look at the woman, I look at her, I look at who? the woman. Me te le and la will lose the final letter if the verb begins with a vowel for example, it helps me. Me is followed by the verb AIDE which begins with the letter a and therefore I use the apostrophe, I help you I help him... in this case L will be masculine feminine I help Paul, I help him I help Marie, I help him So now we invite you to answer this little question in the chat. First question: Do you listen to the radio? so give you a little time to answer you can answer positively or negatively it's up to you . Affirmative answer yes I listen to Him. Here radio is feminine, so I have to use LA, but the verb écouter begins with the letter e and so we will eliminate the a and use the apostrophe. Yes, I listen to it; if the answer is negative, no, I do n't listen to it. A second question, concentrate . Are you taking the bus? Likewise, we give you a little time to answer affirmatively or negatively or both as you prefer. The answer is yes I take it, negative no I don't take it. I use LE since here it is a direct supplement what do you take? The bus, and the is masculine singular. In these direct object pronouns, there are always some small peculiarities we are going to see the use of the pronoun EN it is a somewhat special pronoun, firstly since it is invariable it has no masculine nor feminine nor plural, it is also a bit special since it always answers the question WHAT, and it will always indicate a definite or indefinite quantity look... Do you have children? Yes I have some. Here children is a direct complement: What do I have? Children. When answering the question what here we can use en. For what? Because it's a lot of children. Be careful if you answer I HAVE, we don't really know what the quantity is and so you can specify the quantity after the verb: I have one, I have two, I have a lot. And in a negative way I don't have any. Madam, you want tomatoes, yes I do, here tomatoes is a direct complement, what do you want? Tomatoes. To answer and not repeat tomatoes I use en. For what? It is a direct complement which answers the question what and which expresses a quantity: I want some. We don't know exactly how much and so I can add after the quantity I want a kilo, I want 6, it's up to you. ok? Be careful if you have a defined object you do not use EN. An example: Do you want my sweater? Yes, I want it. Here I use the since it is a well-defined sweater, my sweater. But if I say: do you want a sweater? Here I will answer: yes I want one. I use en because it is an undefined quantity of an object and answers the question WHAT. Another example: do you see children on the beach? Yes, I see some. A lot of children, you know what? Children. I see some. But if my question is: excuse me, do you see the children on the beach? Here I will answer yes I see them because it is an object a thing or a well-defined person So I ask you a question and you try to answer with the correct pronoun. Are you going to eat tomatoes? Here too you can answer affirmatively or negatively, affirmative answer: yes I eat it. and if you want you can say I eat a lot of it. Negative answer: no, I don't eat it. Another question: Paul, do you take your coat to go out? Be careful, you have to think carefully... positive answer yes I'll take it. Why when my question here is do you take your coat? what are you taking ? your coat a definite masculine thing, the coat and so I would say I take it. Negative answer, I don't take it. Now we move on to indirect object pronouns: here they are, me, you, him, we, you, them. All these pronouns will always substitute a person, they will answer the question to whom. For example, he's talking to me, who is he talking to? To me. I'm talking to you, who am I talking to? to you. I talk to him, I talk to whom? to him, or to her, be careful he is masculine and feminine, I speak to Mary, I speak to her, I speak to Paul, I speak to him. In the same way, they are masculine and feminine: I speak to Marc Paul, I speak to them, I speak to Sophie and Marie, I speak to them. So if you pay attention there are many direct and indirect complements which are similar me te nous and vous, you can use them as direct and indirect pronouns So a few little questions, to see if you can answer, very easy, the first one: Are you calling Jacques? as always positive answer negative... affirmative: yes I call him, negative no I don't call him. I use lui because Jacques answers the question to whom and lui is the indirect object pronoun. Second question: do you talk to your children? So as always be careful... what is the type of complement, singular feminine, masculine, plural, affirmative answer yes I speak to them, negative answer, no I do not speak to them. Here I use THEIR since when I answer the question who am I talking to? are you talking? sorry... to your children to something plural in the third person plural. I talk to them. Third and last question: do you think about your mother? So in this question there is a trap what is the trap? Normally you should say yes I think of him... but unfortunately in French there are always exceptions, some verbs are indirect transitive verbs that we call disjoint, this means that quite simply here you cannot say I think of him you will have to say I think of her. And so it is another type of indirect complement pronoun the disjoint indirect complement pronouns which work with tonic pronouns: to me to you to him to her to us to you to them to her that's how it is some verbs do not accept indirect complement pronouns! And so these verbs will allow us to see a very special indirect complement pronoun which is the pronoun Y. So the indirect complement pronoun Y will only answer the question WHAT, for example. I think of Mary, I think of her, I think of who? To Mary, it is a disjoint indirect complement pronoun. I'm thinking about my vacation, I'm thinking about it! Here I use Y because it answers the question what and whenever you want to answer the question what you can use Y. Another example I am thinking about my future, I am thinking about Y. Here the complement to my future is a direct object complement which answers the question to what, and therefore I can use Y to avoid repeating it. I think about it, I think about it... about what? to your future, to my studies etc etc An example of a question I ask you and you try to answer. First question: do you think about your work? As always, try to answer in an affirmative or negative way. Affirmative: Yes, I'm thinking about it. Negative no I don't think about it, we use the indirect pronoun Y because it answers the question what... what are you thinking about? at my work. I'm thinking about it. Second question, do you think about your father? Be careful, there may be a trap in this question. Affirmative answer yes I think of him, here I cannot say I think of him since the verb to think is a disjoint indirect transitive verb and I cannot say I think of him, since here the question is you think of who? to my father. The pronoun y will only answer the question what are you thinking about. To conclude this lesson, we will see the place of direct and indirect object pronouns in the sentence. So as you have seen in all the examples that we have given you, the direct or indirect pronoun is always placed before the verb: I look at her, he speaks to me, I think about it, I want some, etc. etc. with the exception of the disjoint indirect pronouns: I think of you, I think of you. So when you have two pronouns in the same sentence there is a very simple rule. Some verbs are direct and indirect transitive, meaning they accept two types of pronouns: for example, the verb "give a thing to someone." Give what? to whom? An example: he gives me the television, he gives the television to whom? to me. He gives me the television... and so what if I don't want to repeat the television, what am I going to do? Very easy, you will always first have the indirect object (COI) me and then the direct object (COD) la. He gives me the television: he gives it to me. Another example he gives us the number, he gives us what? the number. The number is the direct complement, it gives the number to whom? to us, we is the indirect object. As we said, we will first have the indirect pronoun (COI) and the direct pronoun (COD). He gives it to us. But of course in French there are always exceptions! That's why French is fantastic! The indirect object pronouns lui and leur will change the order of the pronouns. I'll give you an example: I give him the number, what do I give? the number. The c is the direct object. Who do I give the number to? to him, it is the indirect complement. But exceptionally with him we will first have the direct object (COD) le and the indirect object (COI) lui! And so we will say: I give it to him. In the same way with their, he gives them television, what does he give? television. The direct complement will be LA, who does it give television to? For them, the indirect object pronoun will be THEIR. As we said, the order is reversed: firstly the direct object (COD) LA, secondly the indirect object (COI) LEUR. He gives it to them. But be careful, this is an exception! Another exception, the direct and indirect object pronouns EN / Y always come after the first pronoun you use la, lui, me, nous, et cetera et cetera EN and Y will always be in second position! For example, she lends you clothes, what does she lend you? clothes. It is a direct object pronoun which answers the question what and a quantity we will use EN. Who does she lend clothes to? To you is the indirect complement pronoun TE so we will have TE + EN. She lends you clothes, she lends you clothes. With him, she lends him clothes, she lends him some. You see, EN is always in second position. A little exercise for using pronouns, here you have to substitute the direct or indirect pronoun and insert it in the correct position in the sentence, let's go! First sentence... he lends me the phone. If you want to make it simpler, you can only answer in the affirmative and I will say no. He lends me the phone... answer he lends it to me. Indirect complement me + direct complement le which substitutes the telephone, he lends it to me. She asks us the subject. So, likewise, try to see what the direct and indirect complement is and how to position it in the sentence... she asks us for the subject and answer, she asks us for it. Negative, she does not ask us, Firstly the indirect object pronoun she asks to whom to us, she asks us secondly the direct object pronoun they ask us what, the subject, the. She asks us. She gives them tomatoes... be careful, try to see which pronoun you are going to use, which questions does it answer? Is it a quantity or not? There I give a lot of indications, here we go she gives them tomatoes, what does she give? Tomatoes, it is a direct complement it expresses a quantity, we will use EN. She gives tomatoes to whomever's. She gives them. And so the sentence will be constructed in the following way: it gives them some. Why because EN is always in second position! How are you? Great, perfect! So to continue practicing now you have an exercise in the description of this video do it, write your answers in the comments we make your correction. Don't forget to LIKE, share on your social networks and of course subscribe! You support us and it helps us a lot, if you want to help us and support us even more you can offer us a cheese! You have the link in the description and finally to finish if you are interested in private or group French lessons, you have a contact form also in the description of this video! We now leave you with two more videos to continue learning and the magic button to subscribe hi everyone!!!