Title: DNA powerpoint copy.ppt
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# DNA
"The Blueprint of Life" DNA stands for...
# DeoxyriboNucleic Acid DNA FACTS
established by James Watson and Francis Crick
Shape of a double helix codes for your genes (traits)
made of repeating subunits called nucleotides What is a nucleotide?
Has three parts:
PHOSPHATE
DEOXYRIBOSE (sugar)
BASE (A,T,G,C)
Phosphate
Sugar
Base Base-Pair Rule
Adenine <==> Thymine
Guanine <==> Cytosine
The sides of the DNA ladder are phosphate & sugar
held together by hydrogen bonds Base Pair Rule
One side: A T A T C A T G C G G G
Other side: What is the relationship between GENES and DNA? How the Code Works
The combination of A,T,G,C determines what traits you might have.....
C A T C A T = purple hair
T A C T A C = yellow hair Think of the bases of DNA like letters. Letters form words.... Words form sentences.... *endless combinations Let's Review What We Know About DNA
1. What does DNA stands for?
2. What is the shape of DNA?
3. Who established the structure of DNA? ____________ and ______________
4. Adenine always pairs with ?
5. The sides of the DNA ladder contain deoxyribose sugar and ? 6. Guanine always pairs with ? 7. What is the complementary DNA sequence for:
C A T T A G
8. The two sides of DNA are held together by _______ bonds.
9. DNA is composed of repeating subunits called ______________________
10. What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? ____________________ DNA REPLICATION
the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself (cell division)
> SEMI-CONSERVATIVE - half of the old strand is saved
RNA - the messenger *single strand *ribose sugar *contains no thymine, uracil instead *follows base pair rule, but A UDNA: A T A G C G RNA: RNA carries the "message" to the ribosomes, where proteins are made What is a gene?
A section of DNA, with many bases that codes for a protein
Results in a TRAIT Biology 2A
Advanced Section
How does DNA make a protein? DNA --> RNA --> Protein
Proteins are the building blocks of the organism (traits) Transcription - process where RNA is made from DNA Translation - process where proteins are made from RNA Protein Synthesis RNA
Types:
mRNA: messenger RNA
Formed in nucleus, functions on ribosome (in cytoplasm), copied from sections of DNA, used to manufacture proteins
tRNA: transfer RNA
Located in cytoplasm, used to manufacture proteins
rRNA: ribosomal RNA
Found in cytoplasm (free or on RER), essential for protein synthesis Many genes found in DNA molecules
Each gene codes for one protein
Therefore, gene carries instructions for formation of RNA, which then make up the structure of a specific protein
Proteins are made of amino acids arranged in a specific sequence which determines the type of protein
Thus, DNA carries sequence of different amino acids https://www.youtubeeducation.com/watch?v =NJxobgkPEAo From exam guidelines pg 8 Do not confuse DNA replication & protein synthesis. These are two different things Write this down: Lets practice
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TRP Use table LA 7 pg 13
LA 8 pg 14 Exam questions