[Music] so you got a new camera eh I remember being there not knowing what to do but lucky for you I'm going to teach you the basics of how to use your camera today now you're asking yourself why should you trust some random dude on the internet honestly you really shouldn't trust anybody on the internet but I've used the camera a couple times before so I'm going to teach you through my personal experience and what do you have to lose stick around maybe you'll learn a thing or two so let's get started cameras come in many different shapes and sizes some are big some are small some have fixed lenses and some have unlimited lenses some are uniquely simple and some are simply unique despite their differences they all have one thing in common that if you don't know how to use them your shots will look like this I think that looks good it's literal trash so let me break it down for you these are the fundamentals of what you need to know in order to use your camera like a pro before we begin we have to do one thing that's going to change your life forever that's right we're shooting in manual mode an important thing to know for manual is that if you're taking photos you shoot in M but if you're taking video you shoot in movie mode we'll get back to video once we cover the fundamentals so for now we're starting in M manual mode I know it could be a little into knitting but in order to fully understand your camera you need to be in full control and you get it past the Cool Kids Club if you're shooting manual so just saying so today's lesson is going to go over white balance aperture shutter speed ISO and frame rates starting with white balance so your camera's white balance basically controls the tone of the color in your image it does so by measuring on the Kelvin scale which is this diagram here which goes from 1000 Kelvin to 10 000 Kelvin going from warmer to cooler tones if you see my walls are white right now the white is balanced in the world there's so many different light sources and each of them work on a different color temperature daylight is around 5600 Kelvin whereas your everyday light bulb is around 3200 Kelvin sunrises and sunset that's about like I don't know maybe like 2000 the most important takeaway is white balance basically sets a neutral tone to where there's no color cast this is going to be on the more extreme side but let's bump up our white balance to a higher Kelvin temperature which is going to make it cooler now you can see everything is too blue I look like I'm underwater if we lower our color temperature it'll be too warm now everything is kind of yellow this is called a color cast and that is what we're trying to avoid by setting proper white balance sometimes with color cast you get some magenta or green Hues so usually in your editing software there's a slider to fix that as well to be honest I literally just keep my white balance in Auto I know Auto whatever but modern cameras are pretty good at setting white balance and unless you have a constant light that you can count on it's going to be a hassle to constantly be changing that all right so that's white balance on to the next which is Aperture so what aperture is is it's the amount of light that your lens allows your camera sensor to see I have this funky old TV lens here to demonstrate every Lens comes with something called an f-stop this lens goes from F 1.9 to F16 and that varies depending on what lenses you have but each lens has something called aperture blades the way it works is when you adjust the aperture in your lens the aperture blades will come closer together or more open together a lower number in f-stop will allow more light onto your sensor which will overall brighten your image and also give you a shallow depth of field on the contrary if we increase our aperture to a higher number it closes those aperture blades tighter which allows less light into your image making your image darker and it also increases our plane of focus let me explain so I just set up a scene to show how the plan of focus changes when you change your aperture I'm using a 50mm lens that goes down to F 1.2 so at F 1.2 the plane of focus is very shallow as you can see my birthday cake is in Focus but Oscar in the back is super out of focus and the Rubik's Cube in the foreground is also out of focus if we shift Focus to the Rubik's Cube now the background is very blown out but the Rubik's Cube is now in focus and that works for Oscar too we can get Oscar in Focus but now the foreground and the mid ground are also out of focus as we increase our f-stop our plane of focus also increases and more is allowed to be in Focus if we increase our f-stop to something like 5.6 we can see that more is in Focus now there's less of a shallow depth of field Oscar is still out of focus and the Rubik's Cube is still out of focus but at F16 now pretty much everything is in Focus your depth of field is also determined by your lens we're shooting on a 50 mil so there's a little bit of compression but if you shoot on a wider lens more would be in Focus you guys doing good that's aperture let's get to shutter speed so show speed is basically how fast your shutter is opening and closing and allowing light to get to your sensor things to note with shutter speed is it also determines your motion blur in your image a shutter speed of 1 over 50 is determined to be the most natural looking motion blur that our eyes see so if I wave this wand around this is close to what it would look like in real life if you look at a freeze frame you'll see that there is the stick but there's also motion blur that follows with that if you want to freeze motion you'll shoot at a higher shutter speed like one over a thousand that'll ensure that there's less motion blur depending on how fast a subject is moving a lot of sports photography will shoot at higher shutter speeds to capture fast moving subjects if you weigh this one again you'll see that there's no motion blur and the stick is essentially Frozen in time this also works on the further end where you get a lot of motion blur if you're waving this around now a slower shutter in photography is generally used for astrophotography or light paintings light Trails shutter speed is a little different when you get to the video so we'll talk about that later when we talk about frame rates but just a general rule of thumb is something they called the 180 degree rule your shutter speed for video should be one over your frame rate times two that's just like a general rule of thumb to ensure that your video has natural motion blur you can also shoot at a higher shutter speed in video to have something called a staccato effect which makes it kind of like jaggedy and this is using like fight scenes to make it look like crazy I guess and on the contrary a slow shutter will make it kind of be warpy and this is used for like drunk scenes or a dreamy effect that's basically shutter speed we're almost there ISO is basically your sensor's sensitivity to light and it's almost people call it like fake light basically so if you look at this test frame our exposure is at zero our aperture is at F 1.4 shutter speed 1 over 50 and our ISO is at 100. let's just say the lights turn off now our exposure meter is reading negative 1.3 the image is underexposed our aperture is still at F 1.4 our shutter speed is 1 over 50 and our ISO is 100. let's say our lens only goes to 1.4 so we can't stop that down any further to get more light into the image so then we look to shutter speed and ISO let's say I want to keep a 1 over 50 shutter speed so after all is said and done now we can look to ISO to increase our sensors light sensitivity and kind of bring back more brightness into the image as we increase our ISO you can see our images back to being properly exposed however the higher ISO you go the more noise that is introduced so you want to keep your ISO generally as low as possible and most of the time it's the last thing that I touch in the exposure triangle so now that we're talking about video we actually have to switch to movie mode this is better set up for shooting videos while the manual mode is more for photography so the way video is measured is frames per second the simplest way to understand it is that when you take a picture in photography you're capturing one frame and basically video is a compilation of those frames that are fit into a one second interval when you play those frames back it results in a moving image which is then video the new thing that you need to learn here is called frame rates generally movies are shot in 24 frames per second so there's 24 images 24 frames that are fit into that one second TV is shot at 30 frames per second and after that it goes into the slow motion territory at 60 frames 120 frames and it goes I guess the ceilings unlimited the reason you shoot at higher frame rates is that there's more images more data to allow you to slow it down if we tried to slow down a clip that we shot at 24 frames per second there's not enough images to compensate for the extra frame since we're sending it past that one second so then your video becomes choppy that's why we shoot at higher frame rates like 60 and 120 because once we extend past that one second [Music] there's now extra frames that can be allocated to those missing frames that we're basically making up now lastly a simple formula that you can follow to slowing down your slo-mo footage is 24 or whatever real time you're shooting in if you're shooting a third you could just replace 30 here divided by the amount of FPS that you're shooting in the result of this formula gives you the percentage that you can slow down your high frame rate footage in in post to ensure that your slow motion footage is smooth and that's it the goal of this video is to have you leaving knowing the basics of how to use a camera and if you're a little confused still don't you worry I've asked the best teacher in all the five boroughs to come help us out today so straight from the L train can we give a warm welcome to Dora the New Yorker [Music] thank you thank you hola soy door the New Yorker and today's mission is to make sure you're leaving here knowing the basics of how to use your camera I got my boy boots over here to make sure you're paying attention and they're right boots come on vamanos come on vamanos hey everybody let's go boots hey I know that we can do it [Music] dang boots you looking tough right now let me get a picture of you nice can you take a picture of boots all right so for this shot we have boots this is just a recorder so you guys can see my screen so we have our subject here and the shutter speed is one third of a second f13 and our ISO is at 80. exposure looks pretty good right now the only problem is that shutter speed one over three if we take a picture the shutter speed is too slow to hold the handheld so all the little micro Jitters that I do ends up showing up in the image so to fix that let's crank up the shutter speed let's go to 1 over 125. now the image is too dark I think for this photo we'd go for a shallow depth of field so let's go all the way down to the fastest which is 2.8 that this lens can go to and we're still a little underexposed so now lastly after we dial in our shutter speed and aperture we can bump up the iso and now boots is like in Fuego I say cheese see that back boom great shot guys let's get to it I know that we can do it no Mama's way look at that view wow look at this View do you think you could help me take a picture of The View then Yankee with no brim leg does not work all right so we got our composition we have little island in the foreground and the World Trade Center in the background we're shooting at F 2.8 1 over 800 and ISO 100 for a scene like this or landscape in general we'd want the background in Focus all the way to infinity and the foreground in Focus so what could we do to get everything in focus that's right we'll go to F16 you can go higher if you can but now our image is darker so to fix that what can we do that's right we can drop down our shutter speed I wouldn't go below 1 over 64 handheld shooting because any movement will cause motion blur so let's go maybe to one over 125. now we're still underexposed so lastly we can touch our ISO and we'll bump this up until we have a properly exposed image that looks pretty good to me so boom look at that photo great job guys [Music] boots so annoying [Music] yeah what do you think Northern New Yorker bag hey look at look at that where where's the brim where's the brim anos [Music] let's go [Music] this thing just buzzing swipe art swipe up what boots you're too slow man [Music] it's too fast I have an idea can you guys film this in 120 slo-mo remember what I said about the 180 degree shutter rule you ready boots [Music] we did it great slow-mo shot guys we did it we did it we did it well that's the basics of how to use a camera thanks for watching and if you ever get confused just watch this video again adios [Music] [Music] [Applause]