Mussolini focused on Italian agriculture with projects aimed at increasing power and prestige or achieving self-sufficiency for Italy.
Italian agriculture faced issues such as a significant class of impoverished, land-hungry peasants and outdated farming methods.
The Battle for Grain
Initiated in 1925 as an effort to promote Fascist power and national self-sufficiency.
Italy traditionally relied on importing large quantities of grain.
Mussolini viewed this reliance as a vulnerability, especially during wartime due to potential supply cut-offs.
Measures Implemented
Government provided grants for farmers to purchase tractors, fertilizers, and machinery for wheat production.
Free advice on modern farming techniques was made available.
Farmers were assured of a high price for the grain they produced.
Results and Outcomes
Wheat production increased from 5.5 million tonnes per year in the early 1920s to over 7 million tonnes ten years later.
Grain imports reduced by 75% between 1925 and 1935, signaling a success for the initiative.
Mussolini took public credit, portraying himself as actively involved in the harvest to highlight his leadership.
Drawbacks and Consequences
Although production increased, significant costs were incurred:
Land in central and southern Italy turned to wheat was largely unsuitable due to soil conditions and climate.
Decline in traditional agricultural exports such as citrus fruits, wine, and olive oil, which were better suited to these regions.
Conclusion
The ‘Battle for Grain’ successfully boosted grain production but neglected the broader impacts on different agricultural sectors and regional suitability for certain crops.