Overview
This lecture discusses the main psychological, emotional, and psychosocial challenges faced during middle and late adolescence, including academic, social, family, health, and personal development issues.
Sexuality and Relationships
- Adolescents experience curiosity and experimentation with sexuality and sexual relationships.
- Risky sexual behaviors may occur due to lack of awareness about consequences.
- Education about sexual risks and responsibility is essential for adolescents.
Academic Concerns
- Many adolescents worry about academic performance and meeting personal or parental standards.
- Self-imposed pressure often continues even without current parental pressure.
- Comparison with peers can lead to competition, envy, and feelings of inferiority.
- Family problems can negatively impact academic performance.
Peer Relationships and Belongingness
- Adolescents may seek independence from family and prioritize peer relationships.
- Peer pressure and bullying may occur, especially regarding closeness to parents.
- Choosing supportive friends is important for emotional well-being.
Health, Nutrition, and Self-Esteem
- Adolescents may develop unhealthy habits, including poor sleep, nutrition, or excessive dieting.
- Eating disorders and obesity are potential concerns.
- Body image issues can lead to low self-esteem, especially if bullied.
- Recognizing personal strengths beyond academics builds confidence.
Role Transitions
- Adolescents may face major life changes, such as starting college or coping with family loss.
- Support from family is crucial during role transitions.
Materialism and Poverty
- Resources for education may be lacking for some, causing stress.
- Others may develop materialistic attitudes, continually seeking new possessions.
- True happiness is linked to relationships and gratitude, not material possessions.
Family Dynamics and Separation
- Adolescents with parents working abroad may struggle with emotional distance.
- Material gifts may be used to fill the emotional gap.
- Social media helps maintain family connections despite distance.
Career Choice and Guidance
- Pressure to decide on a future career can cause anxiety.
- Career goals may change over time; guidance counselors can help match strengths to options.
Relationship and Value Conflicts
- Conflicts with parents, peers, or partners can arise and sometimes require professional help.
- Differing values and beliefs may lead to disagreement; mutual respect and "agreeing to disagree" are important.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Adolescence — the period of development between childhood and adulthood.
- Role Transition — adapting to new life roles or major changes, such as starting college.
- Materialism — prioritizing material possessions and status as sources of happiness.
- Self-Esteem — a person’s sense of self-worth or confidence.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Reflect on personal strengths and seek help if struggling with challenges.
- Choose supportive friends and maintain healthy routines.
- Respect differing beliefs and values among peers.
- Consult guidance counselors or mental health professionals if needed.