We're moving on into the new nation. It's chapter six in your West Virginia history book. That's the Rice and Brown book.
So we're looking at Federalist Jeffersonians and the question of land. So we're looking at the push and pull. between the two early parties, political parties of the new nation, and then the idea of, again, moving further and further into the western regions of the country, the new country, and, of course, what's happening here in western Virginia.
Two things I would like to mention. One is, I forgot to say earlier with our Blackboard page, I did put up a couple video links for a little documentary that never completely got finished. But the beginning is pretty good on Betty Zane, and one part is a kind of reenactment of her running for the powder.
It's a little long, I think, in her running. I doubt she ran that long or that many people gave shocking looks of her running, but it's kind of nicely done. The second part, though, that I like is the one on the different historians from the area, their point of view.
There's really two that are focused upon, but they're usually the most noted historians in the area. at least in the early to the teens in the 2000s. So I thought you might like to see that. The other thing, just for fun, just to show you, I have my little Fairmont State sweatshirt on.
I thought you might get a kick out of that because I know some of you are from that area. And just a little of my background. I'm not sure if I put it in my video introduction or in my written one. My first collegiate teaching job outside of graduate school.
was at Fairmont State when it was still a college in the latter part of the 20th century, I guess you would say. So that's kind of interesting, kind of interesting point of view. When we get into the 1950s with the Red Scare, second Red Scare, and McCarthyism, got quite a few stories to tell since Fairmont State played a big part in that. And there was even a national part of a TV miniseries on McCarthyism where Fairmont State was. focal point.
So it's interesting things. So back to the new nation. If you look at your outline, there's a little bit at the beginning of your chapter, and I put on the outline, about the Federalists and the Jeffersonians.
So let's talk about them a little bit nationally, if you don't really remember much about them, and then regionally. So nationally, the Federalists are going to be the party of Hamilton, if you remember the very popular musical from a few years ago. But the Federalists are going to be more what Washington is aligned with, and they are going to be representative of people who feel the new country should be more industrial, and it should be more urban.
The new nation should align itself with Britain, and I know we just fought a war with them, but the Federalists will feel that socially and politically and everything, we are really the children or the inheritors of Britain. So it makes sense for us to align ourselves with them in the future. Also, they were elitist.
They felt that the people who ran the government, ran the country, should be educated, should be wealthy. They're the ones who get the Electoral College put into our government. They feel that there should be a select few that really decide who runs the country.
On the other hand, you're going to see that the Jeffersonians, that's kind of a nickname for the Democratic-Republican Party. I know that's confusing. but that was the other second party that we had in the two-party system early on in our nation. They're called the Jeffersonians because Jefferson is the man who leads them. And really, with the Federalist Party, it was Hamilton.
Washington, that was kind of his right-hand man, kind of his adopted son in many ways. Hamilton was the one leading the Federalists, but Jefferson was the one leading the Democratic Republicans. And pretty much everything the Federalists stood for, the Jeffersonians or the Democratic Republicans.
stood against. So the Jeffersonians believe that we should be a rural agricultural nation because they'll feel that we already are rural and mainly farmers. We should remain that way because that's what we founded ourselves as.
And there's this idea of an agrarian myth that's pervaded our country since we were colonists that you're closer to God if you work the earth. The idea that toil outside in the sunshine with the earth makes you a better person than if you work with mechanization inside a factory dealing with technology. So the Jeffersonians clung to that idea. They also felt that we should not align ourselves with the English.
We should align ourselves with the French, since they were our allies and helped us win the revolution. And of course, Jefferson spent a lot of time over in France being an ambassador. He was there most of the time during the revolution.
So he's very much a Francophile. He feels that the French should be our allies more than anyone else. So Jefferson definitely is pushing for that. And he is one for democracy.
more of a mass democracy than you're going to see Hamilton be or the Federalist be. He doesn't believe in that educated elite making all the decisions. He feels the people can make the decisions. So you could probably guess, nationally at least, when Washington's in charge early on, when Washington and then John Adams are in charge, it's the Federalists who have the power.
When Jefferson is elected and then his followers, basically, when we see Madison coming in and Monroe too. We're going to see it's more of this Democratic-Republican-Jeffersonian influence that's in power nationally. Here in Western Virginia, well, in Virginia, as you can imagine, Jefferson being from Virginia, we're going to see this Jeffersonian influence. And you can imagine in Western Virginia, of course, we feel that way. It's a rural area.
People are farmers, right? They're not industrialists. Of course, Jefferson, you know, being a Virginian, we follow his example.
And, you know, this idea that, you know, we're rural, we like the ideas of democracy. You know, we don't want an educated elite. There isn't an educated elite out in the western portions of Virginia. So pretty much all the ideas that Jefferson has, we're going to follow in many ways. Now, there's going to be a growing population occurring out here in western Virginia because, of course, eastern Virginia now, of course, being part of the new nation, as are we, There's going to be a push in the new nation to expand westward.
So there is more money, tax money, going towards infrastructure. So the idea of those roads finally coming west, the idea there'll be a push for canals, there'll be a big canal boom in the east, there'll be a push for that to come westward. We'll see things like, it's called the American system, that is passed by the government.
These portions of it are passed by the federal government, trying to put more money into moving the country westward. whether it be through infrastructure or through loans that the federal government and state banks and different types of government municipalities will give to businesses moving westward. And then also trying to help in different ways the farms, maybe making more of a commercial farming instead of yeoman individual family farms or just small commercial farms, trying to make it larger.
The idea of growing that agrarian economy. more and more out west. So big pushes and that of course brings more and more people out west. So we do have a growing population coming out in this area.
With more and more people you're going to see more and more government. So the growth of county and local governments. So it's not as distant if you think of it psychologically and in government.
We're not as far from the eastern portions of Virginia psychologically or in government as we were earlier. So as we have this growth you're going to see in your textbook the idea that the larger counties that had been put in place previously shrink because with growing population, more government in place, we're going to see a redrawing of those lines for local and county governments. For example, in our region, you'll see the big county of West Augusta that had been in place that took over, well, in many ways, most of western Virginia will get cut down. It'll be Yehogania for a while.
And when we had those boundary disputes between Virginia and Pennsylvania, even for a while there, it kind of eclipsed, or at least it had in both areas, parts of Virginia and parts of Pennsylvania, even before we had the Mason-Dixon line put through. When things get kind of put together, we'll see West Augusta is more in Virginia. And then it'll even be whittled down into Ohio County, which at that point really is the northern panhandle.
part of north central West Virginia. And eventually that Ohio county gets whittled down into what's now the counties in the northern panhandle and in the Mon Valley. So it was a big county at one point.
We'll also see there are new towns that are established with that growing population and certain towns will have name changes. For example, in the northern panhandle, Charlestown becomes Wellsburg, probably because Charlestown had too much of an association with England. If you think of Charles II with that restoration, we don't want to have too many names that are affiliated with England. Excuse me, we want to change those names. So we change often a lot of the names to families of patriots or revolutionaries in the area.
So that's one example. Your book will have a lot more examples than that that will be put in. Now, there's still problems with the Native Americans. We'll see over time. As more and more victories will happen further west than western Virginia, those Native American problems will go away.
Again, we mentioned this in the last video as we get further into the 1780s, into the 1790s. Probably that Treaty of Grenville when Matt Anthony Wayne kind of has a major victory over the Native Americans. That's kind of when you really kind of see the end of the Native American clash, at least officially kind of comes to an end, or at least the major.
issues with that still happens. Locally, an interesting, I guess you would say, cooperative effort, because there were some that occur, is with Isaac Zane. Of course, from that Zane family, very famous Zanes in the Wheeling area, Isaac's story is one of the captive, the white captive stories you may have heard of. They were very famous throughout the nation, these white captive stories.
What those were were settlers or Caucasians, Europeans. who in some way were taken into Native families, whether it be because there was some type of an attack where the Native Americans would take in prisoners of war, basically, and bring them back with them into their particular tribes, or perhaps there were different settlers that got lost and tribal members would take them in in some way. So the different types of stories and you'll hear different types of accounts.
Now, Isaac Zane's story was that he was taken during a raid at some point and brought into the Ohio territory away from Wheeling or what becomes Wheeling and his brothers at the time. So he's raised by the Native Americans over in Ohio and he's embraced by them. He becomes a family member, really, in the tribes.
And at times he will end up going back. to the Wheeling area and trying to discuss and have peace treaties made with even his biological brothers and different people in the region. And even though sometimes those don't work, a lot of people feel one of the reasons why the Wheeling settlement is successful is because Isaac Zane does come back and try to work things out with the settlers in that region.
And he's fairly well known to have kind of gone back and forth trying to bridge that gap. So that's one of the more successful white captive stories. He ends up marrying a Native American woman. They have a family. He considers himself a Native American.
So that, again, is a successful white captive story. Some of them are not considered successful. We're at our time limit, so I'll tell you another white captive story from western Virginia that's not, I guess you would say, as happy or as positive.