Overview
This lecture covers the structure, function, and types of cartilage, a connective tissue found throughout the human body.
Structure and Composition of Cartilage
- Cartilage is a connective tissue made mainly of extracellular material.
- Chondrocytes are the cells that make cartilage by secreting fibrous proteins.
- Chondrocytes originate from fibroblasts, the same precursor as bone cells.
- Main proteins in cartilage are collagen (provides strength) and elastin (provides elasticity).
- Cartilage is not innervated (lacks nerve cells).
- Cartilage is avascular (lacks blood vessels); nutrition comes from surrounding fluid.
Types of Cartilage and Their Functions
- Hyaline Cartilage: Found in the larynx, trachea, and articulating bone surfaces (joints); reduces friction and absorbs shock.
- Elastic Cartilage: Found in the outer ear and epiglottis; provides shape and support.
- Fibrous Cartilage: Found in intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis; provides rigidity and absorbs shock.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Cartilage â A flexible connective tissue with extracellular fibers, found throughout the body.
- Chondrocyte â Cell that secretes components of cartilage.
- Collagen â Strong, fibrous protein giving cartilage strength.
- Elastin â Elastic protein providing flexibility to cartilage.
- Avascular â Lacking blood vessels.
- Innervated â Having nerve supply.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review locations and functions of the three types of cartilage.
- Memorize key proteins found in cartilage and their functions.