the topic that we will learn about today is the earth systems what are the Earth's four systems number one hydrosphere number two atmosphere number three geosphere and number four biosphere if you notice all of the earth systems end with the word sphere so they are often also called the four earth sphere z' let's talk about each one in more detail here are some hints to the first system we're going to discuss it is indeed the hydrosphere the prefix hydro means water so the hydrosphere is the water sphere did you know that 97% of the water on Earth is actually saltwater in oceans and seas this means that 3 percent of our hydrosphere is freshwater however of that 3 percent 70% is locked in glaciers and ice caps meaning we don't have access to this fresh water and then 29% of that freshwater is groundwater found deep within the earth and we would have to pump it in order to access it this leaves us with less than 1% of the 3 percent of freshwater for available use water is very precious although there is much of it on our planet there is a limited amount that we can use which is why we should be careful to conserve it and to use it properly and efficiently you the next fear we will discuss pertain to these images number two atmosphere the atmosphere is the air fear because Atmos means air the atmosphere is what helps to maintain earth's temperature it protects organisms like us from the sun's ultraviolet or UV radiation that can be harmful if we are exposed to much the atmosphere also provides us with necessary elements and gases like oxygen that we breathe in not many people know that our atmosphere is made up of five layers they are the troposphere stratosphere mesosphere thermosphere and exosphere the next system is the geosphere also known as the rock sphere the geosphere includes Earth's layers which are the crust mantle and core and how they form it also includes rocks and minerals that we find on earth fossil fuels which include coal natural gas and gasoline which we find within the earth having been formed through fossils and also different landforms of Earth so you may have heard of geology which is the study of earth including all these topics the percentage of Earth's water to land 70% of earth is made up of water so the blue represents water and 30% of Earth is land next we see a diagram that shows us the different layers of the geosphere the outer layer is called the crust which is the layer that we live on underneath it is the mantle and underneath the mantle are the two layers of the core the outer core and the inner core finally number four biosphere the biosphere is the life sphere it includes all living things and we see here listed all the kingdoms we have different animals like us plants fungi bacteria which includes eubacteria and archaebacteria and protists such as algae and here's an image of an energy diagram you see the plant as our producer receiving energy from the Sun giving energy next to the herbivore which is the deer who gives energy to the tiger who is a carnivore and the secondary consumer but it doesn't end there energy then gets transferred to decomposers like bacteria that break down dead and decaying materials and return it back into the earth so that the whole cycle of life can begin again but as a reminder the initial source of energy is the Sun this is what we call a food chain in summary all Earth's systems must work interdependently to transfer energy and matter between them the word interdependently means that they have to depend on each other so the hydrosphere and the geosphere and the biosphere in the atmosphere all must function together transferring energy and matter between them for the whole earth to function here is an image of four spheres interacting together we see our air sphere the atmosphere as well as the ocean which is our hydrosphere we also see the biosphere in the fish and the trees and the grass and we see the geosphere try the different landforms which has the mountain in the background