Series Circuits - Key Concepts and Principles

Electrical Circuits Configuration

• Circuits can be connected in series or parallel.
• In a series circuit, there is only one path for the current to flow.

Characteristics of Series Circuits

• Current is the same throughout the circuit.
• Adding components (e.g., lamps) increases the overall resistance.
• Voltage is shared between components in a series circuit.

Series vs. Parallel Circuits

• An online game "Atomic Labs" allows exploration of series and parallel circuits.

Effects in a Series Circuit

• Adding a second bulb: Increases resistance; may reduce brightness.
• If a bulb breaks: Entire circuit stops working as the loop is broken.

Connecting Components in Series

• Components connected end-to-end forming a single loop.
• Breaking one component stops current flow in the entire circuit.
• Switches can control the flow of current by opening or closing the circuit.

Current and Resistance

• Current remains constant everywhere in a series circuit.
• Adding components increases resistance, reducing current flow.
• Example: More lamps = higher resistance = dimmer lamps.

Potential Difference in Series Circuits

• Voltage from a cell/battery is shared among the components.
• Identical resistors share potential difference equally.
• Different resistances result in unequal voltage distribution.

Example Calculations

• 6 V cell with two 100 Ω resistors = each resistor has 3 V across it.
• Different resistors (e.g., 100 Ω and 50 Ω): voltage divides proportionally to resistance.

Resistors in Series

• Total resistance is the sum of individual resistances: R_total = R1 + R2 + ...
• Example: 6 Ω and 2 Ω resistors = total resistance of 8 Ω.

Testing Knowledge and Resources

• Quizzes and online resources are available for further understanding and practice.
• BBC Teach website offers additional educational materials linked to curriculum.