Transformers: Components and Functionality

Basic Components of a Transformer

• Iron Core Ring
  • Wrapped in coils
• Primary Coil
  • Connected to AC input voltage
• Secondary Coil
  • Connected to output circuit with load resistance

Insulation and Connection

• Coils are well insulated from each other
• No physical electrical connection is present between the coils

Functionality of Transformers

• Electricity Altering Properties
  • Can step up or step down voltage

Types of Transformers

Step Down Transformer

• Configuration
  • Primary coil has more turns than the secondary coil
• Function
  • Voltage in secondary circuit is less than primary
• Example
  • Primary coil: 20 turns
  • Secondary coil: 10 turns
  • Voltage Reduction Formula:
    • Secondary Voltage / Primary Voltage = Secondary Coil Turns / Primary Coil Turns
    • Example Calculation:
      • Ratio: 10 / 20 = 0.5
      • Voltage: 0.5 * 120 V = 60 V*

Step Up Transformer

• Configuration
  • Secondary coil has more turns than the primary coil

Magnetic Field and Induction

• Alternating current in primary coil generates a changing magnetic field in the core
• Flux Generation
  • Magnetic field in primary coil induces flux in the Transformer core
• Current Conversion
  • Secondary coil converts flux back to current flow
  • Produces voltage at the load/resistance in the secondary circuit

Summary

• Transformers are essential devices that alter voltage levels using the principle of electromagnetic induction.
• Understanding the turn ratios and the relationships between primary and secondary coils is crucial for determining voltage changes in transformers.