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Interval Notation Overview

Jun 30, 2025

Overview

This lecture introduces interval notation, explaining how to write solutions for inequalities using brackets and parentheses on the number line.

Interval Notation Basics

  • Interval notation is a way to write intervals on the number line.
  • Parentheses ( ) are used for less than (<) and greater than (>) inequalities, not including endpoints.
  • Brackets [ ] are used for less than or equal to (≤) and greater than or equal to (≥), including endpoints.
  • Parentheses are always used with infinity (∞ or -∞) because infinity is not a specific value.

Examples

  • For ( x > 3 ): the interval is written as ( (3, \infty) ).
  • For ( x \leq 2 ): the interval is written as ( (-\infty, 2] ).
  • For ( -2 \leq x < 3 ): the interval is written as ( -2, 3) ).

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Interval Notation — A shorthand for describing subsets of the real number line using brackets and parentheses.
  • Parentheses ( ) — Indicates endpoints are not included in the interval.
  • Brackets [ ] — Indicates endpoints are included in the interval.
  • Infinity (∞) — Represents unboundedness; always paired with parentheses.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Practice writing interval notation for different inequalities.
  • Review number line representations of intervals with open and closed dots.