Is Sociology a Science?

Introduction

• The tutorial examines whether sociology qualifies as a science.
• Consideration between sociology and natural sciences.

Defining Sociology

• Sociology: study of human society.
• Key question: Is sociology studied systematically and objectively, or through subjective meanings attached by humans?
• Humans are inherently social.

The Debate

• Sociologists are divided:
  • Positivism: Proponents argue sociology can be studied scientifically, establishing laws/patterns of behavior.

Arguments for Sociology as a Science

• Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim:
  • Comte (1830-42): Advocated for a positive science using natural science methods.
  • Durkheim: Believed in social facts discovered through scientific methods.

The Quest for Universal Laws

• Growing interest in rational explanations during the move away from Middle Age superstitions.

Counterarguments

• Karl Popper: Sociology can be scientific if it follows scientific methods but may not lead to absolute truth.
• Other Positivists:
  • Highlight similarities between natural sciences and sociology.
  • Lynch: Assumptions made in ambiguities are scientific.
  • Kuhn: Science and sociology both operate within paradigms or perspectives.

Conclusion

• Positivists see little difference between natural sciences and sociology.
• Debate: Difficulty in obtaining absolute certainty or accurate information through scientific methods in sociology.
• Not all aspects of human society are suitable for scientific study.
• Whether sociology is a science depends on the perspective and values of the sociologist.

Summary

• Main Argument: Outlined arguments asserting sociology as a science through scientific methods and perspectives.