Cigarette Smoking in Indonesia: A Cultural and Health Overview

Introduction

• High prevalence of smoking in Indonesia, with significant health and economic impacts.
• The transcript explores the reasons and consequences of widespread smoking in Indonesia.

Smoking Statistics in Indonesia

• 70% of men in Indonesia smoke.
• Average of 13 cigarettes per day per smoker.
• Smoking is the second leading risk factor for death, with 300,000 tobacco-related deaths annually.

Cultural and Social Factors

• Smoking is deeply ingrained in Indonesian culture.
• Viewed as a stress relief and a symbol of masculinity.
• Cultural acceptance despite health warnings and risks.
• Many believe smoking is not harmful or deny its effects.

Economic Impact

• Cigarettes are relatively cheap ($1.50 to $3 per pack), but still a significant cost for the average income ($12 to $15 per day).
• 35% of income on average spent on cigarettes.
• Impacts on household nutrition and resources, with some spending 50% of their income on cigarettes.

Health Concerns

• Significant exposure to secondhand smoke: 97 million Indonesians, including 43 million children.
• Public places have high exposure to smoke.
• Smokers often deny having health issues or attribute them to other causes.
• Smoking is not seen as haram (forbidden) in Islam, though discouraged (makruh).

Gender and Smoking

• Low prevalence of female smokers (3-5%), viewed negatively culturally.
• Smoking is associated with male dominance and stress relief.

Tobacco Industry in Indonesia

• Major producers of kretek cigarettes dominate the market.
• Tobacco farming is profitable compared to other crops.
• Farmers and rural populations often deny health risks, attributing economic benefits to tobacco farming.

Personal Accounts

• Personal stories highlight the deep cultural ties and addiction.
• Many smokers prioritize cigarettes over basic needs.
• Few express desire or intent to quit, even with health warnings.

Conclusion

• Cigarette smoking is a major health and social issue in Indonesia.
• Cultural acceptance and economic factors perpetuate its widespread use.
• Contrast with drug epidemics in other countries, like the opioid crisis in the U.S.
• Potential for change through education and economic shifts.