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AP Art History Study Guide Overview

May 15, 2025

Lecture Title: AP Art History Course Study Guide

Unit One: Prehistoric Arts

Apollo 11 Stone

  • Date & Location: Namibia, 25000 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Charcoal on Stone
  • Context:
    • Found in the Hun's mountains, Namibia
    • Named after Apollo 11 moon landings
  • Content:
    • Animal-like figures with human legs
  • Function: Unknown; portable size

Great Hall of the Bulls

  • Location: Lascaux, France
  • Date: 15000-13000 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Rock painting
  • Content: Animals of importance; bulls, horses
  • Function: Survival, religious rituals

Camelid Sacrum in the Shape of a Canine

  • Location: Central Mexico
  • Date: 14000-7000 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Bone
  • Context: Symbol of fertility or ancestry
  • Function: Prehistoric art reflecting daily life

Running Horned Woman

  • Location: Tassili n’Ajjer, Algeria
  • Date: 6000-4000 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Pigment on Rock
  • Content: Body paint, horned woman
  • Function: Emphasizes survival

Beaker with Ibex Motifs

  • Location: Susa, Iran
  • Date: 4200-3500 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Painted terra cotta
  • Content: Central ibex, animals
  • Function: Funerary practices

Anthropomorphic Steele

  • Location: Arabian Peninsula
  • Date: 4th millennium B.C.E.
  • Medium: Sandstone
  • Content: Human representation
  • Function: Vertical stone marker

Jade Cong

  • Location: Liangzhu, China
  • Date: 3300-2200 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Carved Jade
  • Content: Hollow tube, ancestor representation
  • Function: Power, wealth, afterlife protection

Stonehenge

  • Location: Wiltshire, UK
  • Date: 2500-1600 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Sandstone
  • Content: Concentric stone circles
  • Function: Burial site, solstice marker

The Ambum Stone

  • Location: Papua New Guinea
  • Date: 1500 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Greywacke
  • Content: Echidna representation
  • Function: Unknown, possibly religious

Tlatilco Female Figurine

  • Location: Central Mexico
  • Date: 1200-900 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Ceramic
  • Content: Female form, duality
  • Function: Burial process

Terra Cotta Fragments

  • Location: Solomon Islands
  • Date: 1000 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Terra cotta
  • Content: Anthropomorphic figures
  • Function: Food storage, ritualistic

Unit 2: Ancient Mediterranean

White Temple and its Ziggurat

  • Location: Uruk, Iraq
  • Date: 3500-3000 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Mud Brick
  • Function: Government and religious purposes

Palette of King Narmer

  • Location: Predynastic Egypt
  • Date: 3000-2920 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Greywacke
  • Function: Makeup grinding, ceremonial

Statues of Votive Figures

  • Location: Tell Asmar, Iraq
  • Date: 2900-2600 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Gypsum
  • Function: Stand-in worshipper

Seated Scribe

  • Location: Saqqara, Egypt
  • Date: 2620-2500 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Painted Limestone
  • Function: Funerary

Standard of Ur

  • Location: Iraq
  • Date: 2600-2400 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Wood and shell
  • Function: Unknown

Great Pyramids of Giza

  • Location: Giza, Egypt
  • Date: 2550-2490 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Cut Limestone
  • Function: Burial sites for kings

King Menkaura and Queen

  • Location: Egypt
  • Date: 2490-2472 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Greywacke
  • Function: Memorial structure

The Code of Stele of Hammurabi

  • Location: Babylon
  • Date: 1792-1750 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Basalt
  • Function: Show laws and punishments

Temple of Amun-Re

  • Location: Egypt
  • Date: Temple: 1550 B.C.E.; Hall: 1250 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Sandstone and Mudbrick
  • Function: Center of god Amun-Re worship

Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut

  • Location: Egypt
  • Date: 1473-1458 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Sandstone and Red Granite
  • Function: Funerary temple

Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and Three Daughters

  • Location: Egypt
  • Date: 1353-1335 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Limestone
  • Function: House altar

Tutankhamun’s Tomb

  • Location: Egypt
  • Date: 1323 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Gold and Enamel
  • Function: Protect pharaoh's body

Last Judgement of Hu-Nefer

  • Location: Egypt
  • Date: 1275 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Painted Papyrus Scroll
  • Function: Prove ethical life

Lamassu

  • Location: Iraq
  • Date: 720-705 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Alabaster
  • Function: Guardian figure

Athenian Agora

  • Location: Greece
  • Date: 600 B.C.E.-150 C.E.
  • Function: Government and marketplace

Anavysos Kouros

  • Location: Greece
  • Date: 530 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Marble
  • Function: Grave marker

Peplos Kore

  • Location: Acropolis
  • Date: 530 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Marble
  • Function: Depict a goddess

Sarcophagus of the Spouses

  • Location: Etruscan
  • Date: 520 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Terra cotta
  • Function: Grave marker

Audience Hall (Apadana) of Darius and Xerxes

  • Location: Persepolis, Iran
  • Date: 520-465 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Limestone
  • Function: Ceremonial hall

Temple of Minerva and Sculpture of Apollo

  • Location: Veii, near Rome
  • Date: 510-500 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Wood, mudbrick, or tufa
  • Function: Dedicated to Minerva

Tomb of the Triclinium

  • Location: Tarquinia, Italy
  • Date: 480-470 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Tufa and Fresco
  • Function: Funerary rituals

Niobides Krater

  • Artist: Niobid Painter
  • Date: 460-450 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Clay
  • Function: Vessel for mixing

Doryphoros (Spear Bearer)

  • Artist: Polykleitos
  • Date: 450-440 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Marble
  • Function: Showcase human beauty

Acropolis

  • Location: Athens, Greece
  • Date: 447-410 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Marble
  • Function: Religious center

Grave Stele of Hegeso

  • Artist: Kallimachos
  • Date: 410 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Marble
  • Function: Grave stone

Winged Victory of Samothrace

  • Date: 190 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Marble
  • Function: Commemorate naval victory

Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon

  • Location: Turkey
  • Date: 175 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Marble
  • Function: Greek god worship

House of the Vettii

  • Location: Pompeii, Italy
  • Date: 2nd century B.C.E.; rebuilt 62-79 C.E.
  • Medium: Stone and fresco
  • Function: Display wealth

Alexander Mosaic

  • Location: Pompeii
  • Date: 100 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Mosaic
  • Function: Artistic decoration

Seated Boxer

  • Date: 100 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Bronze
  • Function: Cultural shift representation

Head of a Roman Patrician

  • Date: 75-50 B.C.E.
  • Medium: Marble
  • Function: Display respect

Augustus of Prima Porta

  • Date: Early 1st century C.E.
  • Medium: Marble
  • Function: Propaganda, military power

Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater)

  • Location: Rome, Italy
  • Date: 70-80 C.E.
  • Medium: Stone and concrete
  • Function: Public entertainment

Forum of Trajan

  • Location: Rome, Italy
  • Date: 106-113 C.E.
  • Medium: Brick, concrete, marble
  • Function: Commemorate Trajan’s victories

Pantheon

  • Date: 118-125 C.E.
  • Medium: Concrete with stone
  • Function: Temple, later church

Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus

  • Date: 250 C.E.
  • Medium: Marble
  • Function: Grave marker

Unit 3: Early Europe & Colonial Americas

Catacomb of Priscilla

  • Location: Rome, Italy
  • Date: 200-400 C.E.
  • Medium: Tufa and fresco
  • Function: Burial location

Santa Sabina

  • Location: Rome, Italy
  • Date: 422-432 C.E.
  • Medium: Brick, stone, wood
  • Function: Early Christian church

Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well and Jacob Wrestling the Angel

  • Date: Early 6th century C.E.
  • Medium: Illuminated manuscript
  • Function: Symbol of piety

San Vitale

  • Location: Ravenna, Italy
  • Date: 526-547 C.E.
  • Medium: Brick, marble, stone veneer
  • Function: Worship Christ

Hagia Sophia

  • Location: Istanbul
  • Date: 532-537 C.E.
  • Medium: Brick and stone
  • Function: Cathedral, mosque, museum

Merovingian Looped Fibulae

  • Date: Mid-6th century C.E.
  • Medium: Silver gilt
  • Function: Brooch or pin

Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George

  • Date: 6th or Early 7th century C.E.
  • Medium: Encaustic on wood
  • Function: Devotional object

Lindisfarne Gospels

  • Date: 700 C.E.
  • Medium: Illuminated manuscript
  • Function: Religious representation

Great Mosque

  • Location: Cordoba, Spain
  • Date: 785-786 C.E.
  • Medium: Stone masonry
  • Function: Islamic worship

Pyxis of al-Mughira

  • Date: 968 C.E.
  • Medium: Ivory
  • Function: Gifts for royalty

Church of Sainte-Foy

  • Location: France
  • Date: 1050-1130 C.E.
  • Medium: Stone
  • Function: Pilgrimage

Bayeux Tapestry

  • Date: 1066-1080 C.E.
  • Medium: Embroidery
  • Function: Historical record

Chartres Cathedral

  • Location: Chartres, France
  • Date: 1145-1155 C.E.; reconstructed 1194-1220 C.E.
  • Medium: Limestone, stained glass
  • Function: Gothic cathedral

Dedication Page with Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX

  • Date: 1225-1245 C.E.
  • Medium: Illuminated manuscript
  • Function: Royal use

Röttgen Pietà

  • Date: 1300-1325 C.E.
  • Medium: Painted wood
  • Function: Altar piece

Arena Chapel

  • Location: Padua, Italy
  • Date: 1303-1305 C.E.
  • Medium: Brick, fresco
  • Function: Devotional art

Golden Haggadah

  • Date: 1320 C.E.
  • Medium: Illuminated manuscript
  • Function: For Passover

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