Overview
Researchers have discovered three new species of deep-sea, methane-eating sea spiders off the Southern California coast, revealing unique ecological adaptations and shifting our understanding of ocean methane cycles.
Discovery of Methane-Eating Sea Spiders
- Three new sea spider species were discovered at methane seeps and hydrothermal vents off Southern California.
- The discovery was made by Shana Goffredi’s research team using samples collected during deep-sea dives in 2021.
- Analysis of tissue isotopes showed these spiders utilize methane in their diet.
Methane Seeps & Deep-Sea Ecosystems
- Methane seeps are underwater sites where methane gas bubbles up from beneath the ocean floor.
- These environments support unique ecosystems, including organisms that rely on methane for energy.
Adaptations and Feeding Mechanism
- The new sea spider species have a coating of methane-oxidizing bacteria on their exoskeletons.
- Spiders collect methane on their bodies, then scrape off and consume the bacteria, which have converted methane into usable carbon.
- Traditional sea spiders pierce and liquefy prey, but these have adapted to feed via this symbiotic bacteria.
Broader Ecological Significance
- The spiders’ feeding adaption highlights the importance of methane cycling in the ocean.
- Deep-sea ecosystems contribute to climate regulation, oxygen production, and global fisheries.
- Discoveries like this show much is still unknown about deep-sea biodiversity.
Species Distribution & Future Research
- Each of the three new spider species appears limited to its specific methane seep location.
- There may be 11 more related, methane-eating spider species in the same genus.
- The three new species are currently unnamed; naming will be handled by a Scripps Institute graduate student.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Methane Seeps — Underwater locations where methane gas escapes from the ocean floor.
- Methane-oxidizing Bacteria — Microbes that convert methane gas into forms of carbon usable by other organisms.
- Isotope Analysis — A technique to determine the sources of elements in an organism’s tissue, revealing dietary habits.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Stay updated for the official naming of the new spider species.
- Review the published research paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences for additional details.
- Consider further reading on methane seeps and deep-sea symbiosis.