Chapter 40: Incident Management

Overview

• Focus on National Incident Management System (NIMS) and Incident Command System (ICS).
• Importance of ICS in mass casualty incidents (MCIs) and disasters.
• Discussion on EMS operations, hazmat incidents, and triage methods.

National Incident Management System (NIMS)

• Developed by Homeland Security in 2004.
• Framework for efficient coordination across federal, state, local, private, and NGO sectors.
• Emphasizes standardization, resource classification, and interoperability.

Incident Command System (ICS)

• Component of NIMS designed for responder safety and efficient resource use.
• Organizational Structure: Sections, Branches, Divisions, Groups.
• Roles:
  • Command Staff: Public Information Officer (PIO), Safety Officer, Liaison Officer.
  • General Staff: Command, Finance, Logistics, Operations, Planning.

ICS Principles

• Limiting span of control to manage resources efficiently.
• Use of common terminology and clear communications.
• Command must be established early by the senior-most official.

EMS Response in ICS

• Importance of preparedness and having a disaster plan.
• Scene Size-Up involves assessing needs and resources.
• Triage Supervisor: Ensures initial assessment of patient priorities.
• Treatment and Transport Supervisors: Efficient transport and care coordination.

Communication and Information Management

• Integration and efficient communication among agencies.
• Use of radios and face-to-face communication to minimize radio traffic.

Triage Methods

• Primary Triage: Brief assessment to categorize patients.
• Secondary Triage: Reassessment in treatment areas.
• Categories:
  • Immediate (Red)
  • Delayed (Yellow)
  • Minor (Green)
  • Expectant (Black)

START and JumpSTART Triage

• START: Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment, used for adults.
• JumpSTART: For pediatric patients (under 100 lbs or age < 8).

Hazmat Incidents

• Importance of identifying potential hazardous materials.
• Guidelines by OSHA's Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response.
• Control zones: Hot, Warm, and Cold zones for safety.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Levels of PPE: A, B, C, D based on hazard severity.
  • Level A: Highest level protection, fully encapsulated.
  • Level D: Work uniform, minimal protection.

Summary

• ICS aids in effective management of resources during emergencies.
• Preparation, communication, and training are crucial for efficient incident management.
• Proper triage and hazmat handling ensure patient and responder safety.

Conclusion

• Understanding ICS and NIMS is essential for managing large-scale incidents.
• Regular training and adherence to protocols improve emergency response effectiveness.