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Line Focus Principle and Focal Spots

Jun 29, 2025

Overview

This lecture covers the Line Focus Principle, focusing on the relationship between the actual and effective focal spots in an X-ray tube, effects of anode angle, and introduces off-focus radiation.

Line Focus Principle Overview

  • The Line Focus Principle compares the size of the actual focal spot to the effective focal spot in X-ray imaging.
  • The actual focal spot is where electrons from the cathode strike the anode (target).
  • The effective focal spot is the area from which X-ray photons exit the tube towards the patient.
  • Remember: "Actual is at the anode, Effective exits."

Focal Spot Size and Anode Angle

  • The actual focal spot is always larger than the effective focal spot.
  • The angle of the anode affects the size of the effective focal spot.
  • A smaller anode angle (steeper) reduces the size of the effective focal spot.
  • A larger anode angle increases the effective focal spot size.
  • Small anode angle = smaller effective focal spot; large anode angle = larger effective focal spot.

Off-Focus Radiation

  • Off-focus radiation is produced by electrons that rebound and create X-rays outside the actual focal spot.
  • This radiation originates outside the focal track on the anode and is not part of the intended focal spot.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Actual Focal Spot — The area on the anode where the electron beam hits.
  • Effective Focal Spot — The projected area from which X-rays exit towards the patient.
  • Anode Angle — The angle of the anode surface, affecting effective focal spot size.
  • Off-Focus Radiation — X-rays produced outside the actual focal spot from rebounding electrons.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Review the Line Focus Principle and its relation to anode angle for upcoming exams.
  • Understand the differences between actual, effective focal spots, and off-focus radiation.