Lecture Notes on Sultan Abdul Hamid II

Introduction

• Sultan Abdul Hamid II was the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
• Born on September 21, 1842, in Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey.
• He ruled from August 31, 1876, to April 27, 1909.

Reign Overview

• His reign is considered difficult due to various internal and external challenges.
  • Encountered the rise of Britain’s new global order.
  • Faced Jewish aspirations for establishing a state in Palestine.
• Despite numerous assassination attempts, he remained focused on serving the Islamic world.

Significant Achievements

• Implemented the Ottoman Constitution.
• Developed railway connections to Arab territories and the Hijaz.
• Courageously countered British and Jewish conspiracies.
• Died on February 10, 1918, at the age of 75.
• His achievements are celebrated in history.

Themes of Governance

• Emphasis on Islamic service and unity among Muslim states.
• Commitment to thwarting foreign interventions.
• Fortified the Ottoman military and infrastructure.

Anecdotes and Stories

• A story about a king who enjoyed a broth made from simple ingredients but rich in love, highlighting the importance of care in service.
• Discussion about marriage and social dynamics in the royal court.

Banking and Financial Issues

• Concerns about the Ottoman Bank and economic crises.
• Strategies to retrieve funds and prevent a financial collapse.
• Discussion on the need for intelligence and resource management.

Military and Strategic Concerns

• The idea of strengthening military alliances, especially with Russia.
• Importance of railway lines for troop movement and commerce.

Political Intrigues

• Discussions on espionage and political maneuvering against rivals.
• Mention of international relations, especially with Britain and Russia, highlighting the power struggles.

Reflections on Leadership

• Importance of wisdom and foresight in leadership decisions.
• Need to balance internal governance with external challenges.

Conclusion

• Sultan Abdul Hamid II's legacy is characterized by resilience against foreign domination and commitment to Islamic unity.
• His life and reign serve as important lessons in governance, strategy, and diplomacy.