mostly solid jovian planets what are we talking about over there jovian planets mostly solid or or what what do we got for these jovian planets yeah so another name that people sometimes use for the jovian planets is gas giants right gas giants is another name that some people will use for the jovian planets I don't really like that name and to explain that let me let me draw you guys a quick picture here let me kind of move this out of the way there we go let's say let's say that this is Earth okay let's say that this is Earth I'll put earth right here and let's say over here I'm gonna draw Jupiter now first of all you guys are definitely right that the jovian planets are definitely not mostly solid okay they're not mostly solid does that mean that the jovian planets have no solid okay does that mean that the jovian planets have no solid let me put it that way it doesn't mean that right it doesn't mean that they do have solid ok the Jovian every planets got some solid to it okay now where would that solid be now check this out solid is denser than liquid and gas okay in general in general it's not always true but in general solid is usually denser than liquid and gas so if the Jovian jovian planets are mostly made of those other things where is the solid gonna end up where's the solid parts of Jupiter in Saturn and Uranus and Neptune going to end up towards the center just like if you drop a rock into a pool it will sink to the bottom the solid materials of the Joe planets have sunk to the bottom in this case because gravity is pointing inward the bottom is the center so every one of the jovian planets has a rocky core okay it has a rocky core made out of rock and metal the exact same type of material that the terrestrial planets are made out of and we'll get into how we know that a little later okay but it turns out that yeah if you go deep enough down in the in the jovian planets you're gonna hit a center that's kind of similar to a terrestrial planet but it's under a very different set of conditions so it's gonna have a lot of differences as well so let's say I drew the rocky core of Jupiter I'm trying to draw this roughly to scale not doing a very good job of it but check this out if this is the rocky core of Jupiter and this is Earth who actually has more solid material Jupiter or earth who has more rocky material Jupiter or Earth if I'm drawing these roughly the correct size compared to each other Jupiter Jupiter probably has more solid material than the earth does okay so and other jovian planets are gonna have something similar they might not be quite bigger than Earth but give or take there's at least the same amount of solid so how come we can say that a planet like Earth is mostly solid but we can't say that about Jupiter even though Jupiter's got more solid than us how come Jupiter can't be called mostly solid if it's got more solid than us why not why can't we say that this is mostly solid if it's beating us at solids so here's the thing it does have more solid than us but on top of that solid yeah there's so much more gas and liquid than we have that it's wave it's got way more of that other stuff than it even has of solids okay so even though it's kind of like here's a metaphor here's a metaphor let's say you came into class every single day every single day of class you came in and you you ate a bag of M&Ms okay you came in every day every day you just right before class in the last couple minutes before class you just like just a bag of M&Ms just after a while we're gonna be like a M&Ms guy how you doing M&Ms guy everything's gonna start calling you M&Ms guy cuz you just like down that bag of M&Ms every single day right but at the same time what if I came in with like a wheelbarrow okay I've got like a wheelbarrow and that entire wheelbarrow is just full of Skittles just full of Skittles just tons and tons and tons of skittles and on top of it I've got three bags of M&Ms I've got a giant pile of skittles with three bags of M&Ms on it are you guys gonna call me M&Ms guy you're not gonna call me M&Ms guy right what are you gonna call me what are you gonna call me if I bring in that that that pack of candy every single day what are you gonna call me am I the M&Ms guy yeah I'm skittles you're gonna start calling me skittles right I'm the guy that brings a wheelbarrow of skittles every day I'm skittles guy but check it out even though you're calling me skittles guy I still yeah even if you keep calling me skittles I'm still eating more M&Ms than M&Ms guy why doesn't anybody notice my it's because of all the skittles I got right it's the same thing with these planets Jupiter is skittles earth is M&M guy he's got basically all solid and even though Jupiter's got more solid than us it's got so much other kinds of material that we don't really notice that solid material okay so even though it winds its solids we don't call the jovian planets mostly solid okay so what are they mostly okay we're working our way up to it let's draw some oceans earth has an ocean Jupiter has an ocean let's add them to this picture but I'm gonna try to draw these oceans the correct size compared to the planet okay now if I want to draw Earth's ocean on here okay if I want to draw Earth's ocean on here how thick should I make Earth's ocean in this picture if I want to make Earth's ocean the correct size is it gonna be you know something like this is it that deep it's not that deep right how thick am I gonna have to draw this ocean good guesses good guesses so so a lot of times people say oh the the Earth's surface is 70% water I don't know the exact percent two-thirds water right now we're talking about two-thirds of the surface area of the planet there we're not talking about the depth okay so if I were to draw Earth's ocean in this picture I would need a much thinner pen the Earth's ocean would actually be microscopic in this picture so if I drew it like that thick that's too thick that's too thick Earth's ocean is only a tiny tiny the depth of the ocean is only a tiny little fraction of the width of the earth okay so Earth's ocean even though we think of it as deep as a human being it's not very deep compared to the width of the earth okay now on the other hand let's add Jupiter's ocean on here let's check out Jupiter's ocean here we go that's Jupiter's ocean okay so this was like the rocky core area that's Jupiter's ocean so Jupiter's ocean is ridiculous ridiculously deep compared to ours it's thousands and thousands of times deeper than our ocean okay in fact you could take the earth and drop it in this ocean and it would sink down to the middle okay oh and of course it freezes with my gross hand up there there we go let's restart yeah if you could you could potentially stack three Earth's on top of each other and stand on top of that pile of Earth's and you would still be under the ocean that's how deep the ocean of Jupiter is made out of somebody's asking what it's made out of now I was trying to be very very very very careful and not say the word water because it's not made out of water let's see if we can figure out what it's made out of there's a whole ton of it right so it would have to be made out of something that is very very common what's the only kind of stuff that's common enough to have an ocean this big made out of it with the only kind of stuff let's see if we can get this should sound similar to a question I asked before and the answer is the same so it's not made of gas it wouldn't be a liquid if it was a gas but what element is this made out of what element probably it's gotta be made out of the most common elements hydrogen and helium yes hydrogen and helium so this ocean right here is made out of hydrogen and helium capital H for hydrogen capital H lowercase e for helium so the ocean of Jupiter is made out of the same stuff that the Sun is made out of except for in the Sun it is a gas and here it's a liquid okay so it probably looks a lot a bit different than the then the earth ocean is well