Introduction to Cambridge IGCSE Geography Paper 4

Overview

• Purpose: Introduction to Paper 4 for the Cambridge IGCSE Geography course.
• Structure: Two compulsory questions, each worth 30 marks, totaling 60 marks.
• Focus: One question on human investigation, one on physical investigation (e.g., rivers or coasts).
• Duration: 90 minutes.
• Alternative Coursework: Serves as an alternative to coursework, reflecting various investigation skills.

Key Areas in Paper 4

Question Categories

• Hypothesis Creation: Predicting outcomes based on geographical theory.
• Data Collection: Understanding sampling techniques and data types.
• Data Presentation: Graphs, charts, and digital presentation techniques.
• Analysis: Linking data to hypothesis, discussing advantages/disadvantages, and suggesting improvements.

Hypothesis

• Definition: A prediction of what the data will show based on geographical theory.
• Examples: Based on models like the Bradshaw model for rivers.
• Purpose: Helps in comparing changes over locations, time periods, or relationships between variables.

Types of Questions

Introductory Questions

• Constructing hypotheses, applying theory and skills.
• Short questions (2-4 marks) testing knowledge from Paper 1 and 2.
• Examples: Defining terms, explaining theories, identifying features on maps.

Coursework Data Collection Skills

Sampling Techniques

• Systematic Sampling: Regular intervals (e.g., every 5th person).
• Random Sampling: Equal chance for all to be selected.
• Stratified Sampling: Defined categories or groups.

Primary vs. Secondary Data

• Primary Data: Collected directly by the student.
• Secondary Data: Pre-collected data used for analysis.

Risk Assessments

• Identifying potential risks (e.g., weather, safety) and mitigation strategies.

Pilot Studies

• Conducted before the main study to test methods and logistics.

Data Collection Methods

• Physical Investigations: River width, velocity, sediment size, etc.
• Human Investigations: Questionnaires, land use surveys, etc.

Data Presentation Techniques

• Graph Types: Scatter graphs, pie charts, line graphs, etc.
• Advice: Practice required due to variety.

Evaluation Techniques

Strengths and Weaknesses

• General Points: Safety, understanding, weather impacts, etc.
• Reliability Improvements: Calculating averages, repeating measures, alternative methods.

Analysis and Conclusion

• Evaluating if data supports or disproves the hypothesis.
• Key Steps:
  • State if hypothesis is true, partly true, or false.
  • Use evidence from data to justify statements.

Conclusion

• Practice: Essential for mastering Paper 4.
• Resources: Utilize past papers and mark schemes to refine skills.
• Future Videos: More detailed guides on specific investigations will be available.