in this video we're going to talk about the organization of a human body and we are primarily going to concentrate on the axial region and the types of cavities that we have in that region so if we think about the human body as the whole unit then we can divide it into what we know as the axial region and appendicular meter if you really think about the words and paying attention to words and terminology in anatomy is really really important um appendicular agent means our extremities so that's where we look at upper and lower limbs with some girdles um so we're just going to write here extremities and for now we are going to leave it alone we are going to come back to the perpendicular region when we discuss the skeleton the second part which is called the axial skeleton so think about everything else that's left um except paint ceramics and that is going to include the head the neck and the trunk so it's in the axial region where we are going to contextualize um the discussion in this video within the axial region um there are two big cavities so when you think about the word cavity think about spaces right so in the axial region we are going to distinguish two large cavities so we're going to make two arrows here the first one is known as the ventral body cavity and then the second one is known as the dorsal body cavity so we know that ventral means to the front and dorsal means to the back we also know ventral as anterior and we know dorsal as posterior so you can write next to it anterior and posted it just so you remember that we use those terms interchangeable okay in the dorsal body cavity and again that means it's closer to the back we are going to distinguish two smaller cavities right so a lot of times in the body we begin with something large and then we keep separating it into something smaller so i in the dorsal or posterior body cavity we're going to distinguish two cavities the superior one is called the cranial cavity so we're going to write cranial and then in parenthesis we're going to write the superior one and in the cranial cavity we are going to find the very important organs organ for us and that is the brain okay so remember the cranial cavity is made of bones um it's the bones of the skull because they provide us with the best protection the second cavity which is again the smaller cavity in the dorsal one is called the vertebral canal or column vertebral and it's also a bony structure which is made of vertebrae and inside this cavity we're going to see the spinal cord so if we really think about this brain and spinal cord which are part of a nervous system um are very delicate and they need lots of protection hence those bonus structures um that protect them now these two cavities are continuous so there is nothing separating them in between and i'm going to write this word continuous in here just to represent that there is no physical landmark that actually separates the two of them but in fact they communicate with each other so that's what continuous means then the rest of our discussion we're going to concentrate on the ventral body cavity this is the larger one and that one um is further subdivided into more cavities so again we're going to start it here at the top with a more superior one which is called the thoracic cavity and then within the thoracic cavity we can actually see some smaller characters right let me just write here superior because we're going to see some inferior cavities later on so in the thoracic cavity we are going to distinguish two smaller cavities in fact there are three of them but one is basically a cavity where we have lungs so because we have two lungs we have two of those cavities so the first of these cavities is known as the pleural cavity so the pleural cavity is the one that is going to hold the lungs i'm going to write the wordings inside cavities in a separate column right so remember we have two lines which means we have two plural cavities in addition to that we're going to have a pericardial cavity and the green cargo cavity is going to hold the heart and by the way this word this root here tells you it's the heart okay so the pericardial cavity is actually medial to the pleural cavities lastly also in the thoracic cavity over not a separate cavity there is a wall of organs and the sole of organs is known as mediastinum and mediastinum is superior to the pericardial cavity and medial to the lungs is basically a wall of organs on the right wall of organs and we're going to write a couple of examples of organs that we find here so esophagus which is part of a digestive system trachea part of the respiratory system thymus which is part of the lymphatic system and then a bunch of great blood vessels now between the thoracic cavity and the inferior cavity which we are going to call abdominopelvic pelvic and we're going to write in theory we actually have a physical landmark so we have an organ that separates them physically from each other right something but we did not see between the cranial cavity and the vertebral canal so the abdominal pelvic cavity is separated from the thoracic cavity by a muscular organ that we know as the diaphragm the diaphragm is a very important respiratory muscle and we're going to talk more about this as we discuss the implications of the functions of this muscle and respiration the abdominal pelvic cavity and it kind of makes sense that it has two components right so here is one word and there is another so the abdominal pelvic cavity is then further subdivided into the abdominal cavity and this is the superior one over two and then the inferior cavity is going to be the pelvic cavity and this is the inferior one so uh between the burnal and pelvic cavity we use no real organs separating them so this distinction between the abdominal and pelvic is actually imaginary so let's talk about let's provide a couple of examples of organs that we see in each cavity so in the abdominal cavity we're gonna have liver stomach small intestine so a lot of digestive system organs spleen uh which is part of the lymphatic system kidneys and etc so um lots and lots of organs we're going to talk more about the quadrants and regions and we'll add some additional organs there the pelvic cavity is going to hold organs of the reproductive system such as the wobblies we utilize tubes the urinary bladder so um urinary system leather and then um a bunch of other organs again but we are going to mention later so just so we remember you're going to put here imaginary boredom so in this video we talked primarily about the axial region of the human body we concentrated on the cavities but we find in these regions we looked at the ventral and dorsal cavities and purple subdivided them into smaller ones while providing some specific examples of organs that we find in each cavity