what we need to do now is let's talk about these individually because it turns out there's actually more than one kind of lunar eclipse and there's more than one kind of solar eclipse so let's talk about the types of Eclipse okay let's do lunar eclipses first let me flip this over here we go so the types of lunar eclipse okay now on this picture I'm gonna make the Sun really big so there's the Sun okay Sun and I'm gonna put the earth right here and I'm gonna ignore the moon for a second so the reason that there are different kinds of lunar eclipses is that there's actually more than one part to the Earth's shadow okay there's more than one part and to understand that let me show you a couple things let's imagine there's a person floating around right here would that person be able to like they were in space above the earth would that person be able to see the Sun would this person be able to see the Sun from right here yes or no no no they wouldn't because there's a big ol earth in the way right and so that means that person would be in complete darkness okay complete darkness so there's basically a big cone of complete darkness behind the earth it's shaped like a cone because the earth is round so it's basically a round darkness circle that gets smaller as you go away from the earth okay so that part of the shadow is the darkest part of the earth shadow directly behind the earth and that part is called the Umbra so the Umbra is just a fancy term for the darkest part of a shadow okay now what if that person was right here can this person see the Sun can that person see the Sun yeah they can write if they look straight over here they'll see the Sun but here's the important part can they see the Sun can they see the whole Sun no if they look over here if they look in this direction they could see the Sun right but if they look down here to see the bottom part of the Sun the Earth's in the way of that part of the Sun right so that means they're gonna get some sunlight but they're not gonna get full sunlight and that means they that they they're gonna be in partial darkness okay and the same thing would happen if you're floating around down here right so imagine an area of partial darkness that actually spreads out as you go away from this from the earth so this part is very dark in this place is sort of just a little bit dark and this part is called the penumbra and here's something that's really important so the penumbra is not as dark as the Umbra and it's not just above and below this should be 3d so it should spin all the way around the Umbra like you've got a dark Umbra center with a penumbra all around it in all directions it's like the edge of the shadow what are these names sort of what is Umbra sort of sound like what everyday item does an Umbra sort of sound like somebody said a Pokemon I'm not talking about that what everyday item that you probably use all the time sort of sounds like Umbra sorta sounds like umbrella yeah it sounds like an umbrella and that's not a coincidence they come from the same root word okay here imagine that the earth was an umbrella blocking the sunlight Umbra that's why it comes from the same word it's just like an umbrella blocking rain right so if you're under an umbrella the driest place would be directly under the umbrella just like the darkest place here is directly behind the earth but if you stood sort of on the edge of your umbrella you'd get a little bit wet just not full wet that's the pin number the pin number is like the place where a little bit got through okay now here we go what shape would this Shadow be the shadow of the earth what shape would it be if we had like a giant sheet of paper and put it right here like this what's shape with this shadow be what shape would be Umbra be on a sheet of paper right here what shape with the Umbra be don't overthink it it would be a circle right that's correct because the earth is round the Umbra would be a dark circle on a sheet of paper okay it would just be a dark circle and the penumbra because the penumbra goes all the way around the Umbra would just be a bigger less dark circle so this right here would be what the shadow of the earth looks like and now here we go here we get to the eclipses imagine that the moon was orbiting around the earth like this kind of 3d in our picture sometimes because the moon's orbit is a little bit tilted sometimes it'll go through the Umbra sometimes it'll go through the pin number and sometimes it'll just miss the shadow entirely so depending on what part of the shadow of the earth the moon goes through we're gonna get a different kind of eclipse okay and there's three possible types of lunar eclipses and let's do those right now so here we go here we go so let's say here we go path one let's say that the moon for path one just goes through the penumbra just going like this is the moon going across and it just goes through the penumbra with the moon get completely dark in that situation no the moon won't get completely dark if it doesn't go through the Umbra so what is it gonna look like in that case if that happens if the moon just goes through the penumbra remember it's a full moon it would yeah somebody said it would look like it through a gray filter yeah basically you imagine a full moon that is slightly dimmer than usual okay slightly dimmer house light you probably have seen the moon do this and not realized you saw it that's possible it's possibly happened to you so this type of lunar eclipse is boring it if you don't have a picture of the moon to compare it to like a regular full moon you won't even notice it so if it does that the first type of Eclipse is called a penumbral lunar eclipse penumbral lunar eclipse so a penumbral lunar eclipse is the boring lunar eclipse it's a slightly dim full moon okay now path number two let's say that the moon just barely touches the Umbra so path number two okay it just barely touches the Umbra and because it just barely touches the Umbra only part of the moon goes in not the whole thing in that case we're gonna call it a partial lunar eclipse partial lunar eclipse and the part of the Moon that goes in the Unruh would go completely dark and so essentially what that's gonna look like is it's gonna look like somebody took a bite out of the moon it looked kind of like that and it kind of if you don't know what you're looking at you might think that you're looking at a moon phase but the shape is not necessarily the same as a moon phase and also as the moon goes across the Umbra you would be able to see the bite slowly move across the moon the bite wouldn't stay in one place it would move across the moon over the course of about an hour or so okay so moon phases don't do that so that's how you know you're looking at eclipses okay here we go what's the last place what's the last place that the moon could go what's the very final path it's right through the Umbra right so Path number three goes straight through the Umbra and if it goes straight through the Umbra how much should be dark how much of the moon should be dark when it's in the Umbra how much all of it right yeah all of it should be dark okay and that's why we call it a total lunar eclipse however okay how many of you guys ever seen a total lunar eclipse yes or no have you seen anybody have you guys ever seen one I've seen a couple our college actually set up some viewing telescopes for these things for those of you who have seen a total lunar eclipse not a solar eclipse with total lunar eclipse does it the moon just look black no it doesn't how does that moon look during that total lunar eclipse I actually have a picture of one from your book see if I can find it yeah it looks reddish it looks reddish so check this out here we go down here this is a penumbral lunar eclipse and you can see here basically just looks like a full moon there's not a lot going on right there right not a lot hanging out this is a partial lunar eclipse and you can see that bite taken out of the moon if we were having a total lunar eclipse that bite would get bigger and big and bigger and bigger until it ate the whole moon but when it ate the whole moon the moon's gonna light up red this is what the moon looks like when it's in the Umbra okay this is crazy it should be completely dark but it is not it lights up red ah okay so what's going on here this is not the only time we've seen the moon looking red right it's not the only time we've seen the moon looking red we also saw the moon looking red when it was rising and setting what was causing the moon to look red when it rose and set what was that concept started with an R what made the the Sun sorry the moon and the Sun look red when they were rising refraction yes refraction turns out this is also refraction just more extreme okay more extreme check this out um get some space need some space for this actually you know let me go back to this picture there we go I'm gonna add something into this picture here's the atmosphere of the earth there we go here's the atmosphere of the earth all right imagine a beam of sunlight is coming through right here like this okay if the Earth's atmosphere didn't do anything that beam of light would continue to go over here and it would probably end up in the penumbra right it would probably end up just going through like that right and so that means that if the moon was down here in the Umbra that beam of light wouldn't do anything to it okay now check this out though as soon as that light enters the atmosphere it's gonna start to refract right it's gonna refract it's gonna Bend and that means that some of that light is going to end up bending down so that when it comes out of the atmosphere it will go into the Umbra the refraction causes that bend there and causes some of it to come into the Umbra but it has to go through a whole ton of air to get to the other side of the earth so what color is the only color that's gonna get bent into that that danger zone or the the Forbidden Zone right there what color is the only one that's gonna make it all the way through the atmosphere red because red bends the least on that pathway through the whole atmosphere all of the colors will be lost but red so essentially our atmosphere is stealing some of the red light from the Sun and bending it into its own shadow so that means that the Earth's shadow is actually full of red light and we don't normally notice that because if you're standing on the earth that red light is going up into space it's not hitting you but when sorry when the when the moon gets in the way it catches that red light during the Eclipse and that's why we see the the total solar eclipse a total lunar eclipse looking reddish okay so there we go we bring this over here so yeah the reason that the moon looks red during us total lunar eclipse is the sunlight the red sunlight trickles around our atmosphere and fills up this shadow here's the thing though this part of the Moon and a partial lunar eclipse is also in that shadow so that means this should look red right here why can't we see it okay why can't we see that red color this right here let me put it this way this part of the Moon is just as red as this picture up here why can't we see it it's a trick of the eye okay check it out what else do we see in this picture we see that part of the Moon this red light looks bright in this picture but it's not bright okay this right this is actually very dim and when your eye sees this part of the Moon which is really really bright your eyes adjust to that part of the Moon and makes it so you can't see the red light that's right here but as soon as that byte completely covers the moon and we get rid of the bright part of the Moon your eyes adjust and can see the red color okay so whenever our eyes see a bright light and a dim light we can't see the dim light because of the bright light somebody's typing something so I'm going to let them pop that out real quick okay yes yes that's true our eyes and our brain they're just barely hanging on in there it's it's all chaos inside of your head and we just hope it makes sense okay now here we go that's the types of lunar eclipses let's talk about the types of solar eclipses okay