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Computer Software Overview

Jul 6, 2025

Overview

This lecture explains the two main types of computer software—application software and system software—along with examples, definitions, and their key functions.

Types of Computer Software

  • Computer software is a set of instructions that directs hardware to perform tasks.
  • Without software, a computer cannot function.

Application Software

  • Application software helps users perform specific tasks.
  • Word processing software (e.g., MS Word, WordPad, Notepad) creates documents like letters and reports.
  • Database software (e.g., Oracle, MS Access) stores data and performs operations on it.
  • Spreadsheet software (e.g., MS Excel) organizes data, performs calculations, and displays data using charts.
  • Presentation software (e.g., MS PowerPoint) displays information as slides.
  • Internet browsers (e.g., Chrome, Firefox, Safari) enable users to access the Internet.

System Software

  • System software controls computer hardware and provides a platform for application software.
  • Two main types: Operating system software and utility software.

Operating System

  • The operating system acts as an interface between the user and the computer.
  • Desktop/laptop operating systems include Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, and Linux.
  • Microsoft Windows is created by Microsoft (founded by Bill Gates) and has various versions.
  • Mac OS is developed by Apple (founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak) for Macintosh computers.
  • Linux is a free, downloadable operating system developed by Linus Torvalds.
  • Mobile operating systems include Android (used on most smartphones/tablets) and Apple iOS (used on iPhones/iPads).

Utility Software

  • Utility software analyzes, configures, optimizes, and maintains the computer.
  • Examples include antivirus software, backup software, disk compression tools, and file managers.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Computer Software — Instructions that guide computer hardware to perform tasks.
  • Application Software — Programs for specific user tasks, like word processing or presentations.
  • System Software — Programs that control hardware and provide a platform for applications.
  • Operating System — Software that serves as a bridge between user and computer hardware.
  • Utility Software — Software for maintaining and optimizing computer performance.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Review the differences between application software and system software.
  • Practice classifying software examples into the correct category.
  • Prepare for a quiz on software types in the next class.