Industrial Arts: Hand Tools, Power Tools, Instruments, Equipment, and Accessories

Content Standards

• Understanding: Uses and maintenance of hand tools, power tools, instruments, and equipment.
• Performance: Perform calculations and measurements following safety precautions.

Learning Objectives

1. Differentiate hand tools, power tools, instruments, and equipment.
2. Identify and classify common tools used in industrial arts.
3. Explain the uses and characteristics of each tool and equipment.

Vocabulary

• Hand Tools: Simple tools used manually.
• Power Tools: Tools powered by electricity.
• Hydraulic Tools: Operated by fluid under pressure.
• Pneumatic Tools: Operated by air under pressure.

Hand Tools Classifications

1. Holding Tools:
   • Bench Vie, Pipe Vie, Wood Lathe Machine, Clamps
2. Driving Tools:
   • Hammers (Claw, Ball Peen, Sledgehammer), Rubber Mallets, Screwdrivers
3. Measuring Tools:
   • Push-pull Tape, Caliper, Ruler, Measuring Wheel, Meter Stick, Wire Gauge
4. Guiding Tools:
   • Plum Bob, Level, Hose
5. Tooth Cutting Tools:
   • Hand Saw, Hacksaw, Coping Saw
6. Marking Tools:
   • Pencil, Chalk Line Reel, Divider, Scratch All
7. Edge Cutting Tools:
   • Chisel, Plane, Spoke Shave
8. Boring Tools:
   • Gimlet, Bradawl, Hand Drill
9. Gripping and Squeezing Tools:
   • Pliers, Vice Grip, Wrenches

Tool Examples and Uses

• Hammer: Versatile, for striking force, driving nails, shaping, and breaking objects.
• Screwdrivers: Different types for specific screws (Flathead, Phillips, Torx).
• Wrenches: Open-end, box-end, adjustable - for turning fasteners.
• Calipers: For measuring dimensions (Vernier, digital).
• Precision Screwdrivers: For tiny screws, especially in electronics.
• Riveter: Joins two pieces of metal or materials.
• Hand Saw: For cutting.
• Pliers: For gripping, bending, cutting.
• Digital Tape Measures: For measuring with digital readout.
• Laser Levels: Ensures straight lines.
• Digital Multimeters: For measuring voltage, current.

Power Tools

• Operated with external power source for efficiency and precision.

Pneumatic Tools

1. Air Impact Wrenches: High torque, fast removal of nuts/bolts.
2. Pneumatic Drill: Lightweight, high-speed.
3. Air Hammer/Jackhammer: For demolition.
4. Tire Inflator: Inflates tires.
5. Paint Sprayer: Uses compressed air for painting.

Hydraulic Tools

1. Hydraulic Wrench: Heavy-duty fastening.
2. Hydraulic Jack: Lifts heavy loads.
3. Hydraulic Puller: Removes stuck parts.
4. Hydraulic Nut Cutter: Cuts rusted nuts.
5. Hydraulic Press: Compresses materials.
6. Hydraulic Crimper: Joins cables/hoses.

Hazards and Safety

• Pneumatic Tools: Risk of flying materials, noise, vibration, hose disconnection.
• Hydraulic Tools: High-pressure fluid injuries.

Measuring Instruments

Analog Instruments

• Show measurements with pointers (e.g., analog multimeter, thermometer).

Digital Instruments

• Display measurements numerically (e.g., digital multimeter, caliper).

Computer-Based Instruments

• Advanced measurement and analysis (e.g., oscilloscope, power quality analyzer).

Equipment and Accessories

• Perform tasks efficiently and safely, categorized by function.

Construction Services

• Mixers, loaders, cranes, scaffolding, safety gear.

Electromechanical Services

• Circuit boards, motors, soldering tools.

Electrical Services

• Wiring, outlets, switches, testing tools.

Automotive and Small Engine Services

• OBD scanners, replacement parts.

Quiz Questions

1. Which instrument displays measurements using a pointer?
   • Answer: B. Analog Caliper
2. What is the primary energy source for pneumatic tools?
   • Answer: B. Compressed Air
3. What is the main advantage of digital instruments over analog instruments?
   • Answer: B. They provide more accurate and easier to read results.