Overview
This lecture explains the two main types of energy—potential and kinetic—and describes common forms of each, with practical examples from nature and technology.
Types of Energy
- Energy exists as either potential energy (stored) or kinetic energy (in motion).
- All forms of energy fall under these two broad categories.
Potential Energy (Stored Energy)
- Potential energy is the energy stored due to an object's position or composition.
- Chemical energy is stored in bonds of atoms and molecules, found in batteries, fuels, and food.
- Mechanical energy is stored in objects under tension, like compressed springs and stretched rubber bands.
- Nuclear energy is stored within the nucleus of atoms and released during fission or fusion.
- Gravitational energy is stored in objects raised above the ground; more mass and height equals more energy.
Kinetic Energy (Energy in Motion)
- Kinetic energy is energy due to the movement of waves, particles, or objects.
- Radiant energy involves electromagnetic waves, including light, x-rays, and radio waves.
- Thermal energy (heat) comes from the movement of atoms or molecules, increasing with speed.
- Motion energy is in moving objects; more speed means more energy (e.g., wind, moving cars).
- Sound energy travels through substances as compression waves when objects vibrate.
- Electrical energy is from moving electrons, as seen in wires or natural lightning.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Potential energy — stored energy due to position or chemical bonds.
- Kinetic energy — energy of motion within waves, particles, or objects.
- Chemical energy — energy in atomic or molecular bonds.
- Mechanical energy — energy from tension in physical objects.
- Nuclear energy — energy held in an atom's nucleus.
- Gravitational energy — energy held by elevated objects due to gravity.
- Radiant energy — electromagnetic energy that travels in waves.
- Thermal energy — energy of moving atoms or molecules (heat).
- Motion energy — energy in moving objects.
- Sound energy — energy carried by vibrations in matter.
- Electrical energy — energy from the flow of electrons.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review examples of each energy type from everyday life.
- Watch the video “Potential and Kinetic Energy for Kids” for visual understanding.
- Read "What is energy?" on Simple English Wikipedia for further explanation.