Overview
This lecture covers the definition, importance, and historical evolution of the Philippine Constitution, highlighting key features of each constitution and emphasizing their role in government and society.
Definition and Importance of a Constitution
- A constitution is a set of rules guiding how a country or political organization functions.
- It establishes government branches, powers, responsibilities, and citizens' rights.
- The constitution is the supreme law; all other laws must comply with it.
- No one, not even the president, can override the constitution.
- Constitution Day in the Philippines is celebrated every February 2, honoring the 1987 Constitution.
- The constitution maintains law and order, imposes rules on officials, protects citizens' rights, and limits government power.
Evolution of the Philippine Constitution
- The Philippines has had six constitutions: 1899, 1935, 1943, 1973, 1986, and 1987; only three were fully implemented (1935, 1973, 1987).
- The 1899 Malolos Constitution created a unicameral assembly, separation of church and state, bill of rights, and basic education, but was not fully implemented due to the Philippine–American War.
- The 1935 Constitution established a bicameral legislature, extended voting rights, and was the first to be fully enforced until interrupted by WWII.
- The 1943 Constitution, under Japanese occupation, featured strong executive power and a unicameral legislature, but was only valid in Japanese-controlled areas and was short-lived.
- The 1973 Constitution created a parliamentary system and legalized presidential decrees; major amendments increased presidential power.
- The 1986 Freedom Constitution was a temporary charter giving the president both executive and legislative powers post-Marcos.
- The 1987 Constitution emphasized sovereignty, democracy, human rights, and social justice, establishing executive, legislative, and judicial branches with separation of powers and checks and balances.
Structure and Features of the 1987 Constitution
- The 1987 Constitution sets up three branches: executive (president/leader), legislative (lawmakers), and judicial (courts/referees).
- It enforces separation of powers and a system of checks and balances to prevent abuse.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Constitution — the supreme law that organizes government powers and protects citizens’ rights.
- Separation of Powers — division of government into branches with distinct functions.
- Checks and Balances — system allowing each branch to limit the powers of the others.
- Unicameral Legislature — a single legislative chamber.
- Bicameral Legislature — two legislative chambers (Senate and House of Representatives).
- Bill of Rights — section outlining fundamental rights and freedoms.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the timeline and features of each constitution discussed.
- Remember Constitution Day is February 2; note its historical significance.
- Prepare for further study on key provisions of the 1987 Constitution.