[Music] hello everybody and welcome back to another brainstorm today we're going to be talking about plant and animal cells we're going to split this video up into three parts first of all we're going to talk about what exactly are cells then we're going to talk about what's inside the animal cells I'm finish up by talking about what's inside the plant cells so let's get into that okay guys so the first thing that we're going to discuss is what exactly are cells so the first thing that we need to know is that all living organisms are made out of cells what this means is that every living thing is made up of these tiny little building blocks which are called cells and most cells can only be seen with a microscope so you and I we've both made out of billions of tiny little cells that we can't see with our eye so scientists will use specialist equipment like a microscope to look at these cells and study them further the two types of cells that we're going to be looking at in this video of plant and animal cells these two pictures that you can see here on the right we have an example of an animal cell and these are actually cells from the inside of a cheek and on the Left we can see an example of a plant cell and these are cells which would typically be found inside of a leaf so we're going to start off with the animal cells and start thinking about what's exactly inside of these cells so the first thing that we need to note is that inside cells there are lots of different specialized structures that all carry out a specific function what this means is that the cell is made up of different components that each have unique characteristics that allow them to carry out their job animal cells have the following four components that we're going to be discussing in this video they have a cell membrane nucleus cytoplasm and mitochondria or we'll be discussing these in more detail also know that this is the typical cell diagram that you're going to see for an animal cell okay so the first component of the cell we're going to talk about is the cell membrane and under diagram it's this barrier that we can see the cell that you can see me highlighting on the diagram and the function of the cell membrane is to control which substances come into the cell and which substances leave the cell if we imagine the cell in the diagram to be a cell in our body the substances that will be entering this out would be the nutrients in the food that we eat and we also have waste products leaving the sound but it's this cell membrane that controls what's going to come in and what's going to come out we can also think of the cell membrane as being a bit like a security guard choosing who enters the cell and who leaves the cell and the second component of the cell that we're going to discuss is the cytoplasm on the diagram it's this jelly-like substance that fills up the cell and this is where all of the cell's chemical reactions take place it's important to note that this is where all of the other components of the cell are suspended for example they're just floating around in here okay so the next part of the cell is the mitochondria or mitochondria on if we're just talking about the one and on the diagram this is these little purple pink circles that you can see me soak them in Vibram now and the function of the mitochondria is that this is where respiration occurs respiration is the process through which this cell produces its energy in turn it's through this process that the cell produces energy for the whole organism we can think of these little mitochondria as being the powerhouse of the cell because they generate the whole organisms energy okay so the final but probably the most important part of the cell is the nucleus which is this dark turquoise part of the cell that we can secure now the function of the nucleus is to control everything that happens in the cell it gives instructions for other part of the cells to do what they need to do it also contains the genetic material for the cell which is important to allow the cell to make new cells we can think of this new place as being like the boss of the factory giving instructions to other parts of the cell or we can also think of it being like the brain all of our genetic information from the cell alright guys so let's just recap what we've learnt about the animal cell and what's inside it so the first thing that we need to know is that the animal cell has specialized components that allow it to complete specific functions and we know that the animal cell has these four components the nucleus cell membrane cytoplasm and mitochondria so the nucleus is this dark turquoise body inside the cell and its function is that it contains all of the genetic information to the cell which allows the cell to make new cells and it also controls all of the other functions of the cell then we have this cell membrane which is the dark blue barrier that we can see all around the cell and this controls which substances enter and which substances leave the cell then we have the cytoplasm which is the jelly-like substance which fills the cell and this is where all of the cell's chemical reactions take place and finally we have these mitochondria in the cell and this is where the cell produces all of this energy these are the little powerhouses of the cell and it produces energy through a process known as respiration all right guys so we've discussed what's exactly inside the animal cell now let's talk about what's inside the plant cell the first thing that we need to know is that plant cells generally have a more regular structure than your animal cells and have these sort of rectangular appearances this allows them to be put together a little bit like a brick wall giving the plant and lots of structure we also need to know that the plant cell has the same components as the animal cell the four that we talked about with the nucleus cell membrane cytoplasm and the mitochondria but we also need to know about these three extra components that the plant cell has which are the cell wall vacuole and chloroplasts but we're going to go into those in a bit more detail also know that this is the general plant cell diagram that to come across alright guys so the first component of the plant cell that we're going to talk about is the cell wall on the diagram we can see it as being this outer yellow wall that goes around the cell and the function of the cell wall is to strengthen and support the cell the way it does this is that the cell wall is made out of a really tough fiber which is known as cellulose and what this does is essentially keeps the plant and the plant cells nice and rigid you can think of the cell wall as being a bit like a brick wall because of its strength all right guys so the next part of the cell that we're gonna discuss is the vacuole and it's this sac that we can see inside the cell here and what the vacuole does is that it contains this watery liquid which is known as cell sap and that just keeps the cell firm we can think of this as being a bit like a water balloon inside the plant cell okay so the final part of the plant cell is the chloroplasts the chloroplasts are these little green components that can see me circling now and what these chloroplasts do is that this is where all of the plants photosynthesis happen remember that photosynthesis is the reaction which the plant uses the sun's energy to produce its food the way they do this is these little chloroplasts contain this substance which is green and it's called chlorophyll what chlorophyll does is it traps energy coming in from the Sun which means that these chloroplasts act a little bit like little solar panels and the plant cell absorbing the sun's energy all right guys so we're gonna wrap up this video by quickly recapping what we found inside the plant cell so note that the plant has three extra features which are the cell wall vacuole and chloroplasts but all the cell wall is this outer wall of the cell that we can see here and this cell wall is made out of a strong fiber known as cellulose this offers the plant strength and support and because it's made of this tough cellulose it keeps the plant cells rigid then we have the vacuole which is this large sack within the cell that we here it contains a watery liquid known as self SAP and this essentially just keeps the plant itself firm finally we have these little green components here which are the chloroplasts they contain a green substance known as chlorophyll which absorbs energy from the Sun and allows the plant to carry out photosynthesis also note that alongside these extra features in the plant cell we can also see the same features which we find an animal cell you can see we've got the nucleus mitochondria the cell membrane and the cytoplasm and with that I just like the safe thank you guys all for watching make sure you hit that like button and subscribe if you want to see more videos like this and I'll see you guys soon [Music]