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Understanding Subordinating Conjunctions in English

Oct 23, 2024

Lecture Notes: Subordinating Conjunctions

Introduction

  • Topic: Subordinating Conjunctions
  • Purpose: Enhance English writing skills, particularly useful for TOEFL or IELTS exams.
  • Series: Part of a series on writing correct sentences in English.

Key Definitions

  • Subordinating Conjunctions: Words that connect clauses and make sentences complex (e.g., if, because).
  • Dependent Clause (DC): A clause that cannot stand alone and needs an independent clause.

Structure of Complex Sentences

  • Formula:
    • Dependent Clause + Comma + Independent Clause
    • Independent Clause + Dependent Clause (no comma)
  • Example: "When the pandemic is over, I will be happy." or "I will be happy when the pandemic is over."

Types of Subordinating Conjunctions

  1. Contrast

    • Words: although, even though, though, while, whereas
    • Notes: 'While' and 'whereas' always need a comma before them.
  2. Condition

    • Words: if, even if, unless, when
    • Example: "If treatments become available, we can relax more."
  3. Reason

    • Words: because, since
    • Example: "Most people are getting vaccinated because the vaccines prevent severe illness."
  4. Time

    • Words: after, before, as soon as, until, as long as, when, while, whenever
    • Example: "As long as COVID is spreading locally, people will continue to wear masks."

Common Mistakes

  1. Wrong Conjunction

    • Ensure the conjunction used matches the intended meaning.
  2. Forgetting the Comma

    • Always use a comma at the end of a dependent clause when it precedes the independent clause.
  3. Using FANBOYS Too

    • Do not combine subordinating and coordinating conjunctions unnecessarily.
    • FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
  4. Sentence Fragments

    • Avoid using a dependent clause as a standalone sentence.
  5. Wrong Verb Tense

    • In conditional sentences, the dependent clause should be in simple present tense.
  6. Comma Before 'Because'

    • Avoid placing a comma before 'because' as per English grammar rules.

Conclusion

  • Practice: Engage with comments and questions to build understanding.
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