Cell membrane- a flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside of a cell
Cell wall- a stiff structure outside the cell membrane
Cytoplasm- a fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules
Cytoskeleton- a network of threadlike proteins that are joined together
Organelle- surrounded component of a eukaryotic cell with a specialized function
Nucleus- part of eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities and contains genetic information stored in DNA
Chloroplast- membrane-bound organelles that use light energy and make a food- a sugar called glucose-from water and carbon dioxide in a process called
Cytoskeleton- maintains the shape of an animal cell and helps it move. Cilia and flagella are made from the same proteins that make up the cytoskeleton.
Cell membranes- a flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside of a cell. Made of proteins and phospholipids.
Cell wall- a stiff structure outside the cell membrane that that protects a cell from attack by viruses and other harmful organisms. Maintains the cells shape and gives structural support
Cytoplasm- a fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules, contains a cells cytoskeleton
Choloroplast- membrane bound organelles that use light energy and make food- a sugar called glucose- from water and carbon dioxide in photosynthesis
Golgi Apparatus- prepares proteins for their specific jobs or functions. Then packages them into tiny membrane bound, ball-like structures called vesicles. Vesicles are organelles that transport substances from one area of a cell to another. Some vesicles in an animal cell are called lysosomes. Lysosomes contain substances that help break down and recycle cellular components.
Ribosomes- these are located in the cytoplasm of a cell. Ribosomes are small structures in cells that make proteins by reading instructions from messenger RNA (mRNA). They link amino acids together to form proteins that do important jobs in the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum- spreads from the nucleus throughout most of the cytoplasm.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum- e.r with ribosomes on its surface. this is the site of protein production.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum- makes lipids such as cholesterol. Smooth E.R us important because it helps remove harmful substances from the cell.
Vesicle- organelles that transport substances from one area of a cell to another area of the cell. Some are called lysosomes
Vacuoles- these store food, water, and waste materials.
Nucleus- part of eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities and contains genetic information stored in DNA. DNA is organized into structured called chromosomes.
Nucleolus- a large dark spot in the nucleus of a cell. These make ribosomes, organelles that are involved in the production of proteins
Flagella- long tail-like appendages that whip back and forth and move a cell.
Cilia- short hairlike structures that can move a cell or move molecules away from a cell. The cilia in your windpipe move harmful substances away from your lungs.
A microscopic organism called paramecium moves around its watery environment using its cilia.
Plants, animals, and protists are made of eukaryotic cells. Each has other structures called organelles. Ten times larger than prokaryotic cells. Contain cell membrane.
Prokaryotic cells- not surrounded by a membrane. Unicellular organisms called prokaryotes.
1. Compare an animal cell with a plant cell: 1. The shape of the plant cell is maintained by the rigid cell wall whereas the animal cell’s shape is maintained by the cytoskeleton. 2. A plant cell contains chloroplast and a large central vacuole whereas an animal cell does not have chloroplast and it has many vacuoles. 3. Plant cell does not have lysosomes whereas an animal cell does.
1. Both made of eukaryotic cells
2. Both contain a nucleus
3. Both have Golgi apparatus